§ 82. The Authority of the Ecumenical Council

The decisions of an ecumenical council, being the voice of the whole Church, are, provided that council answers to all the conditions we have mentioned, unconditionally binding on everyone who belongs to the Church. This binding force of their decisions was declared by the ecumenical councils themselves that issued those decisions, and it was likewise acknowledged by all the councils that followed after them. This same binding force in the decisions of the ecumenical councils was acknowledged by the state authority as well. The decisions of some of these councils were signed also by emperors, together with the bishops who were members of the council. These signatures of the emperors are not, however, and cannot be, taken to mean that by their own authority they were confirming the dogmas of the faith and the other decisions of the council; rather, they thereby declared that they received everything the council had established as undoubted truth, and acknowledged it as salvific for the Christian peoples. The Emperor Justinian II, for instance, signed the decisions of the Trullan council thus: στοιχήσας ἅπασι τοῖς ὁρισθεῖσι, καὶ ἐμμένων, ὑπέγραψα (“having assented to all that was decreed, and abiding by it, I have signed”), whereas the bishops themselves signed with ὁρίσας (“having decreed”).[1] Besides these signatures of the emperors, the state authority also acknowledged and solemnly proclaimed the binding force of the conciliar decisions to be the very same as that possessed by the ordinances of the imperial authority itself; and this it did each time a council had completed its work. The Emperor Justinian, in the relevant Novel of his, says that he receives the dogmas of the ecumenical councils as the word of God, and the canons of those same councils as state laws.[2]

When the binding force of the ecumenical councils is spoken of, one must understand by it only those decisions on matters of faith (ὅροι) or matters of discipline (κανόνες) that have been formally and solemnly proclaimed as such; and accordingly, the minutes of conciliar sessions, various speeches given at the councils, reports, and the like, have no force of law, but serve only to explain and better clarify the decisions concerned, and have historical significance.

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