- A Lasco, JohannesA LASCO, JOHANNES. See Lasco.
- A-bar´ba-nelA-BAR´BA-NEL. See Abrabanel.
- Aachen, Synods ofAACHEN , ɑ̄´ken, SYNODS OF: The political importance of the town of Aachen (Latin A
- AaronAARON: The brother of Moses. In the Yahwistic sources of the Pentateuch he is called “Aaron, the Le
- AARON AND JULIUSAARON AND JULIUS: English Martyrs. See Alban, Saint, of Verulam.
- Ab´adimAB´ADIM. See Talmud.
- AbaddonABADDON, ɑ-bad´ɵn (“Destruction”): In the Old Testament a poetic name for the kingdom of the dead, Hade
- Abauzit FirminABAUZIT , ɑ̄´´bō´´zî´, FIRMIN: French Reformed scholar; b. of Huguenot parentage at Uzè
- Abbadie, JacquesABBADIE , ɑ̄´´bɑ̄´´dî´, JACQUES : Protestant apologist; b. at Nay (10 m. s. by e. of Pau
- Abbate; AbbeABBATE; ABBÉ. See Abbot.
- AbbessABBESS: The title of the head of many monastic communities of women, even in some orders where the head
- AbbeyABBEY: A monastic house under the rule of an abbot or an abbess. The name is strictly applicable only t
- Abbo of FleuryABBO OF FLEURY , flū´´ri´: French abbot of the tenth century, one of the few men of that time who strove
- AbbotABBOT: The head of one of the larger houses in the Benedictine and other older Western monastic orders.
- Abbot_GeorgeABBOT, GEORGE: Archbishop of Canterbury; b. at Guildford (30 m. s.w. of London) Oct. 29, 1562; d. at Cr
- Abbot, EzraABBOT, EZRA: Unitarian layman; b. at Jackson, Waldo County, Me., Apr. 28, 1819; d. at Cambridge, Mass.,
- Abbot, RobertABBOT, ROBERT: 1. Bishop of Salisbury; elder brother of George Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury; b. at G
- Abbott, EdwardABBOTT, EDWARD: Protestant Episcopalian; b. at Farmington, Me., July 15, 1841. He was educated at the U
- Abbott, Edwin AbbottABBOTT, EDWIN ABBOTT: Church of England, author and educator, b. in London Dec. 20, 1838. He studied at
- Abbott, JacobABBOTT, JACOB: American Congregationalist; b. at Hallowell, Me., Nov. 14, 1803; d. at Farmington, Me.,
- Abbott, Justin EdwardsABBOTT, JUSTIN EDWARDS: Presbyterian; b. at Portsmouth, N. H., Dec. 25, 1853. He was educated at Dartmo
- Abbott, LymanABBOTT, LYMAN: American Congregationalist; b. at Roxbury, Mass., Dec. 18, 1835. He was educated at New
- Abbott, Thomas KingsmillABBOTT, THOMAS KINGSMILL: Church of Ireland, author and professor; b. at Dublin Mar. 26, 1829. He was e
- AbbreviatorsABBREVIATORS: Officials of the papal chancery whose duty it is to prepare apostolic letters expedited t
- AbdiasABDIAS, ab´dî-as: Legendary first bishop of Babylon. Under the title, De historia certaminis apost
- Abeel, DavidABEEL, DAVID: Missionary; b. at New Brunswick, N. J., June 12, 1804; d. at Albany, N.Y., Sept. 4, 1846.
- AbelA´BEL (“Breath”): Second son of Adam and Eve and the brother of Cain, who, according to Gen. iv. 1-16,
- AbelardABELARD , ab´e-lɑ̄rd.
- AbelitesABELITES , ê´bel-ɑ̄its (ABELIANS, ABELONIANS): A sect mentioned by Augustine ( Haer.
- Abelli, LouisABELLI , ɑ-bel´li, LOUIS: French Roman Catholic; b. 1603; d. at Paris Oct. 4, 1691. He
- Aben EzraABEN EZRA ( Abraham ben Meir ibn Ezra ): Jewish poet, grammarian, and commentator; b. in
- AberciusABERCIUS . See Avercius.
- AbercrombieABERCROMBIE , ab´er-crum-bi, JOHN: Scotch physician and writer on metaphysics; b. at Ab
- Abernethy JohnABERNETHY , ab´er-neth-i, JOHN: Irish Presbyterian; b. at Brigh, County Tyrone, Oct.19,
- Abert Friedrich Philip VonABERT , ɑ̄´bert, FRIEDRICH PHILIP VON: Roman Catholic archbishop of Bamberg; b. at Mümn
- AbgarABGAR (Lat. Abgarus ) : Name (or title) of eight of the kings (toparchs) of Osr
- AbhedanandaABHEDANANDA, ɑ̄-bed´´ɑ-nan-dɑ̄´, SWAMI: Hindu leader of the Vedanta propaganda in Amer
- AbiatharABIATHAR . See Ahimelech.
- AbijahABIJAH , a-bai´ja (called Abijam in I Kings xiv. 31, xv. 1, 7, 8) : Second king of Judah
- AbileneABILENE, ab´´i-lî´ne : A district mentioned in Luke iii. 1 as being under the rule of t
- AbishaiABISHAI, ɑ̄-bish´ɑ-ɑi : Elder brother of Joab and Asahel (I Chron. ii. 16); like them t
- AbjurationABJURATION: A formal renunciation of heresy required of converts to the Roman Catholic Church. The Firs
- AblonABLON: Village on the left bank of the Seine, about 9 m. s. of Paris, noteworthy as the place where pub
- AblutionsABLUTIONS OF THE MASS: The rubrics of the mass prescribe that immediately after communion the celebrant
- AbnerABNER. See Ish-bosheth.
- Abodah ZarahABODAH ZARAH. See Talmud.
- AbotABOT (PIRKE ABOT). See Talmud.
- Abot de-Rabbi NathanABOT de-RABBI NATHAN. See Talmud.
- AbrahamABRAHAM, ê´bra-ham or a´bra-ham.
- Abraham A Sancta ClaraABRAHAM A SANCTA CLARA: Monastic name by which a famous German preacher, Ulrich Megerle, is usually kno
- Abraham EcchellensisABRAHAM ECCHELLENSIS, ek´´el-en´sis : A learned Maronite; b. at Eckel, Syria, in the la
- Abraham, Apocalypse ofABRAHAM, APOCALYPSE OF. See Pseudepigrapha, Old Testament, II., 21.
- AbrahamitesABRAHAMITES: A deistic sect which appeared in the district of Pardubitz, eastern Bohemia, after 1782. T
- Abrahams, IsraelABRAHAMS, ISRAEL: English rabbinical scholar and author; b. at London Nov. 26, 1858. He was educated at
- Abrahamson, LaurentiusABRAHAMSON, LAURENTIUS GUSTAV: Lutheran; b. at Medaker, Sweden, Mar. 2, 1856. He was educated at the pu
- AbrasaxABRASAX , ab´rɑ-sax ( ABRAXAS , ab-rax´as).
- Abravaneel (Abravaneel, Abarbanul), IsaacABRABANEL, ɑ̄-brɑ̄´´bɑ̄-nel´ (ABRAVANEEL, ABARBANEL), ISAAC: The last Jewish exegete o
- AbravanelABRAVANEL. See Abrabanel.
- AbsalomABSALOM. See David.
- AbsalonABSALON (AXEL): Archbishop of Lund (1178-1201), one of the principal figures in Scandinavian medieval h
- AbsolutionABSOLUTION. See Confession of Sins.
- AbstinenceABSTINENCE . See Fasting; Total Abstinence.
- AbulfarajABULFARAJ ( Abu al-Faraj ibn Harun , commonly called Bar Hebræus ; his real name
- AbunaABUNA. See Abyssinia and the Abyssinian Church, §§ 2, 5.
- Abyssinia and the Abyssinian ChurchWorthlessness of Traditional History (§ 1).
- Acacius of BerœaACACIUS, ɑ-kê´shi-us, OF BERŒA: A monk of the monastery of Gindanus near Antioch, afte
- Acacius of CæsareaACACIUS OF CÆSAREA: One of the most influential bishops in the large middle party which opposed the Nic
- Acacius of ConstantinopleACACIUS OF CONSTANTINOPLE. See Monophysites.
- Acacius of MeliteneACACIUS OF MELITENE, mel-i-tî´ne: A bitter opponent of Nestorius in the Council of Ephesus in 431; d. a
- AccaACCA, ak´kɑ : Fifth bishop of Hexham (18 m. w. of Newcastle, Northumberland); d. there
- AccadACCAD (AKKAD). See Babylonia, IV., § 11.
- AcceptantsACCEPTANTS: The name of that party which in the Jansenist controversy accepted the bull Unigenitus<
- AccoltiACCOLTI, ak-kɵl´tî : The name of two cardinals who have sometimes been confused.
- AccommodationGreek Philosophical and Theological Usages (§ 1).
- Achelis, Ernst ChristianACHELIS, ERNST CHRISTIAN: Reformed Church of Germany; b. at Bremen Jan. 13, 1838. He studied theology a
- Achelis, HansACHELIS, HANS: Reformed Church of Germany; b. at Bremen Mar. 16, 1865. He studied at Erlangen, Berlin,
- Achery, Jean LucACHERY, ɑ̄´´shê´´rî´, JEAN LUC d’ (Dom Luc d’Achery ; Lat. Dacherius ): Benedic
- Achterfeldt Johann HeinrichACHTERFELDT JOHANN HEINRICH. See Hermes, Georg.
- AcœmetiACŒMETI, ɑ̄-sem´e-tɑi or ɑ̄´´cei-mê´tî,-tê (“Sleepless”): An order of monks who sang the divine praises
- AcolyteACOLYTE: A member of the highest of the minor orders of the Roman Catholic Church. The order was establ
- Acosta, Jose deACOSTA, JOSE DE: Jesuit; b. at Medina del Campo (26 m. s.s.w. of Valladolid), Spain, about 1539; d. at
- Acosta, UrielACOSTA, URIEL (originally Gabriel da Costa ) : Jewish rationalist; b. a
- Acta Martyrum, Acta Sanctorumac´ta mɑ̄r´ter-um, ac´ta sanc´´tō´rum.
- Acton, John Emerich Edward DalbergACTON, JOHN EMERICH EDWARD DALBERG, first Baron Acton : Roman Catholic layman; b. in Na
- Acts of the ApostlesACTS OF THE APOSTLES. See Luke II. For Apocryphal Books of Acts, see Apocrypha, B, II.
- Ad Quercum, SynodusAD QUERCUM, SYNODUS. See Chrysostom.
- AdalbertADALBERT (ADELBERT, ALDEBERT): Frankish bishop; contemporary of Boniface. He is known only from the let
- Adalbert of Hamburg-BremenADALBERT OF HAMBURG-BREMEN (formerly often called Albert ): Archbishop of Hamburg-Breme
- Adalbert of PragueADALBERT OF PRAGUE (Czech, Woitech , “Comfort of the Army”): An early German missionary, someti
- AdalboldADALBOLD, ad´ɑl-bōld: Bishop of Utrecht; d. Nov. 27, 1026. He was born probably in the Low Countries, a
- AdaldagADALDAG, ad´ɑl-dɑ̄g: Seventh archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen (937-988); d. at Bremen Apr. 28 or 29, 988. H
- AdalgarADALGAR, ad´ɑl-gɑ̄r: Third archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen (888-909); d. May 9, 909. When Rimbert, who was
- Adalhard and WalaADALHARD AND WALA, ad´ɑl-hɑ̄rd, wɑ̄´lɑ: Abbots of Corbie (10 m. e. of Amiens) from about 775 to 834. Th
- AdamDoctrinal.
- Adam of BremenADAM OF BREMEN: Author of the Gesta Hammenburgensis ecclesiæ pontificum , a history of the arch
- Adam of Saint VictorADAM OF SAINT VICTOR: One of the most important of the liturgical poets of the Middle Ages; his nationa
- Adam the ScotchmanADAM THE SCOTCHMAN ( Adamus Scotus , called also Adamus Anglicus ): A mystic-ascetic aut
- Adam, Books ofADAM, BOOKS OF. See Pseudepigrapha, Old Testament, II., 39.
- Adam, MelchiorADAM, MELCHIOR, mel´kî-ɵ̄r: Protestant biographer; b. at Grottkau (35 m. s.e. of Breslau), Silesia; d.
- AdamitesADAMITES (ADAMIANI): 1. Epiphanius ( Hær ., lii.) gives an account of a sect of “Adamiani,” that
- AdamnanADAMNAN (“Little Adam”): Ninth abbot of Iona (679-704); b. probably at Drumhome in the southwest part o
- Adams George MoultonADAMS, GEORGE MOULTON: Congregationalist; b. at Castine, Me., July 7, 1824; d. at Auburndale, Mass., Ja
- Adams James AlonzoADAMS, JAMES ALONZO: Congregationalist; b. at Ashland, O., May 21, 1842. He was educated at Knox Colleg
- Adams John ColemanADAMS, JOHN COLEMAN: Universalist; b. at Malden, Mass., Oct. 25, 1849. He was educated at the high scho
- Adams, Sarah FlowerADAMS, SARAH (FULLER) FLOWER: English Unitarian; b. at Harlow (25 m. n.e. of London), Essex, Feb. 22, 1
- Adams, ThomasADAMS, THOMAS: English preacher and commentator of the seventeenth century, called by Southey “the pros
- Adams, WilliamADAMS, WILLIAM: American Presbyterian; b. at Colchester, Conn., Jan. 25, 1807; d. at Orange Mountain, N
- Adams, William ForbesADAMS, WILLIAM FORBES: Protestant Episcopal bishop of Easton (Md.); b. at Enniskillen (70 m. s.w. of Be
- Adamson, PatrickADAMSON, PATRICK: Scotch prelate; b. in Perth Mar. 15, 1537 (according to another account, 1543); d. at
- Adamson, WilliamADAMSON, WILLIAM: Evangelical Union; b. at New Galloway (20 m. w. of Dumfries), Kirkcudbrightshire, Aug
- Addicks, George B.ADDICKS, GEORGE B.: Methodist Episcopalian; b. at Hampton, Ill., Sept. 9, 1854. He was educated at the
- Addis, William EdwardADDIS, WILLIAM EDWARD: Church of England; b. at Edinburgh May 9, 1844. He was educated at Glasgow Unive
- Addison, Daniel DulanyADDISON, DANIEL DULANY: Protestant Episcopalian; b. at Wheeling, W. Va., Mar. 11, 1863. He received his
- AdelbertADELBERT. See Adalbert.
- AdelmannADELMANN: Bishop of Brescia in the eleventh century. The time and place of his birth are unknown, and t
- AdelophagiADELOPHAGI, ad´´el-ɵf´ɑ-jɑi or -gî (“Not Eating in Public”): Certain people, mentioned in Prædestin
- Adeney, Walter FredericADENEY, WALTER FREDERIC: Congregationalist; b. at Ealing (9 m. w. of London), Middlesex, Eng., Mar. 14,
- AdeodatusADEODATUS, ɑ̄d´´î-o-dɑ̄´tus: Bishop of Rome from Apr. 11, 672, to his death, June 16, 676. His pontific
- Adiaphora, and the Adiaphoristic ControversiesADIAPHORA , ad´´i-af´o-rɑ, AND THE ADIAPHORISTIC CONTROVERSIES.
- Adler, CyrusADLER, CYRUS: American Jewish scholar; b. at Van Buren, Ark., Sept. 13, 1863. He was educated at the Ph
- Adler, FelixADLER, FELIX: Founder of the Society for Ethical Culture; b. at Alzey (20 m. s.w. of Mainz) Aug. 13, 18
- Adler, Hermann NathanADLER, HERMANN NATHAN: Chief rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations of the British Empire; b. at Hano
- Adler, Nathan MarcusADLER, NATHAN MARCUS: English chief rabbi; b. at Hanover, Germany, Jan. 15, 1803; d. at Brighton (50½ m
- AdoADO, ɑ̄´´dō´: Archbishop of Vienne 860-875; b. near Sens about 800; d. at Vienne Dec. 16, 875. He was c
- AdonaiADONAI. See Yahweh.
- Adonai ShomoADONAI SHOMO. See Communism, II., 1.
- AdoptionOld Testament Conception (§ 1).
- AdoptionismThe Controversy of the Eighth Century. Its Roots (§ 1).
- Adoration of the SacramentADORATION OF THE SACRAMENT: A term of the Roman Catholic Church, where, in consequence of the doctrine
- AdrammelechADRAMMELECH , ɑ-dram´el-ec: 1. Name of a deity worshiped with child-sacrifice by the co
- AdrianADRIAN : Author of an extant Introduction to the Holy Scriptures , written in Greek. He was evid
- AdrianADRIAN: The name of six popes.
- Adrian IIAdrian II.: Pope 867-872. He was the son of Talarus, of a Roman family which had already produced two p
- Adrian IIIAdrian III.: Pope 884-885. He was a Roman by birth, the son of Benedict. The story of severe punishment
- Adrian IVAdrian IV. (Nicholas Breakspeare; the only Englishman in the list of the popes): Pope 1154-59. He was b
- AdsoADSO: One of the more prominent of the reforming abbots of the tenth century. He belonged to a noble fa
- AdulteryADULTERY. See Marriage.
- AdventADVENT: The first season of the church year. The celebration of Advent in the Western Church was instit
- Advent ChristiansADVENT CHRISTIANS. See Adventists, 3.
- AdventistsADVENTISTS: The general name of a body embracing several branches, whose members look for the proximate
- Advertisements of ElizabethADVERTISEMENTS OF ELIZABETH: Name commonly applied to the regulations promulgated in 1566 by Matthew Pa
- Advocate of The ChurchADVOCATE OF THE CHURCH (Lat. Advocatus or Defensor Ecclesiæ ): An officer charged with
- Advocates of St. PeterADVOCATES OF ST. PETER: An association of Roman Catholic jurists formed on the occasion of the episcopa
- Advocates, ConsistorialADVOCATES, CONSISTORIAL: Twelve lawyers who outrank all the advocates in the papal court. They trace th
- Advocatus Dei, Diaboli.ADVOCATUS DEI, DIABOLI. See Canonization.
- AdvowsonADVOWSON: In the Church of England, the right of nomination to a vacant ecclesiastical benefice, vested
- ÆdituusÆDITUUS, î-dit´ū-us: A term applied to a person having the care of ecclesiastical property. Among the R
- AegidiusÆGIDIUS , î-jid´i-us, SAINT. See Giles, Saint.
- Aegidius de ColumnaÆGIDIUS DE COLUMNA (Egidio Colonna): A pupil of Thomas Aquinas and reputed author of the bull Unam
- Aegidius of ViterboÆGIDIUS OF VITERBO: General and protector of the order of Augustinian eremite monks to which Luther bel
- Aelfred, Aelfric.ÆLFRED, ÆLFRIC. See Alfred, Alfric.
- Aeneas of GazaÆNEAS, î-nî´ɑs, OF GAZA , gê´zɑ: A pupil of the Neoplatonist Hierocles at Alexandria, a
- Aeneas of ParisÆNEAS OF PARIS: Bishop of Paris 858-870; d. Dec. 27, 870. He is best known as the author of one of the
- Aeneas Sylvius PiccolominiÆNEAS SYLVIUS PICCOLOMINI. See Pius II., Pope.
- Aepinus, JohannesÆPINUS, ê-pî´nus, JOHANNES (Johann Hoeck): The first Lutheran superintendent of Hambur
- AeriusAERIUS, ɑ̄-ê´ri-us: Presbyter and director of the asylum for strangers, maimed, and incapable, in Sebas
- AetiusAETIUS. See Arianism, I., 3, § 6.
- Affre, Denis AugusteAFFRE, DENIS AUGUSTE: Archbishop of Paris; b. at St. Rome de Tarn (55 m. n.w. of Montpellier), Aveyron,
- Afra, SaintAFRA, SAINT: An early female martyr, concerning whom all that can be confidently asserted is that she s
- AfricaThe Continent as a Whole.
- Africa, the Church ofAFRICA, THE CHURCH OF. See Abyssinia and the Abyssinian Church; Coptic Church; Egypt; Missions, Roman C
- African Methodist Episcopal ChurchAFRICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. See Methodists.
- Africanus, JuliusAFRICANUS, JULIUS. See Julius Africanus.
- AgapeAGAPE, ag´ɑ-pî or -pê
- AgapetusAGAPETUS, ag´´a-pî´tus: The name of two popes.
- Agapios MonachosAGAPIOS MONACHOS, a-gɑ̄´pi-os mo-nɑ̄´kos (“Agapios the Monk”; Athanasio Lando): Ascetic writer of the G
- Agatha, SaintAGATHA, ag´ɑ-thɑ, SAINT: Virgin and martyr in the Roman Catholic calendar. The account
- AgathistsAGATHISTS. See Christian Doctrine, Society of.
- AgathoAGATHO, ag´ɑ-tho: Pope 678-681. He was a Sicilian monk, and in June or July, 678, succeeded Donus after
- Agde, Synod ofAGDE, ɑgd, SYNOD OF: A synod which met Sept. 11, 506, at Agde (Lat. Agatha ),
- Age-To-Come AdventistsAGE-TO-COME ADVENTISTS. See Adventists, 6.
- Age, CanonicalAGE, CANONICAL: The age required by the canons of the Church for ordination or for the performance of a
- Agelli, AntonioAGELLI, ɑ̄-jel´lî, ANTONIO (Lat. Agellius ): Roman Catholic scholar; b. at Sor
- AgendaAGENDA, ɑ-jen´dɑ.
- Agier, Pierre JeanAGIER, ɑ̄´´zhyê´, PIERRE JEAN: French lawyer; b. in Paris Dec. 28, 1748, of a Jansenis
- AgilbertAGILBERT, ɑ̄´´zhîl-bɑ̄r´: Second bishop of the West Saxons (Dorchester) and afterward of Paris; b. in G
- Agliardi, AntonioAGLIARDI, ɑ̄´´glî´´ɑ̄r´dî, ANTONIO: Cardinal; b. at Cologno al Serio (8 m. s.s.e. of B
- AgnellusAGNELLUS, ag´´nel´lus (called also Andrew ): The historian of the Church of Ravenna; b.
- Agnes, SaintAGNES, SAINT: A saint commemorated in the Roman Church on Jan. 21 and 28 (the Gelasian Liturgy giving t
- AgnoetæAGNOETÆ, ag´´no-î´tî or -ê´tê (Gk. agnoētai , “ignorant”): 1. Name of a sect
- AgnosticismAGNOSTICISM: A philologically objectionable and philosophically unnecessary but very convenient term, i
- Agnus DeiAGNUS DEI, ag´nus dê´i (“Lamb of God”): 1. An ancient liturgical formula in the celebr
- AgobardAGOBARD, ag´o-bɑ̄rd : Archbishop of Lyons 816–840 [b., probably in Spain, 779; d. in Sa
- AgonizantsAGONIZANTS ( Agony Fathers; Fathers of the Good Death, Camillians , Clerici regulare
- AgraphaAGRAPHA, ag´r0-fɑ (“Unwritten”): Name given to so-called sayings of Jesus not recorded in the Gospels,
- Agreda, Maria DeAGREDA, MARIA DE. See Maria de Agreda.
- AgricolaAGRICOLA: Pelagian writer; under the date 429 in his Chronicon , Prosper of Aquitaine mentions
- Agricola, JohannAGRICOLA, JOHANN: An associate of Luther, and the originator of the antinomian controversy of the Germa
- Agricola, StephanAGRICOLA, STEPHAN (originally Castenpauer ) : A follower of Luther; b.
- Agriculture, HebrewAGRICULTURE, HEBREW: Palestine is praised in the Old Testament as a “land flowing with milk and honey”;
- Agrippa CastorAGRIPPA CASTOR: Christian author who lived in the time of Hadrian, and was perhaps an Egyptian. Eusebiu
- Agrippa I and IIAGRIPPA I. AND II., kings of Judea. See Herod and his Family.
- Agrippa von Nettesheim, Heinrich CorneliusAGRIPPA VON NETTESHEIM, net´´tes´´hɑim´, HEINRICH CORNELIUS: Scholar and adventurer; b
- Aguirre, Joseph Saenz deAGUIRRE, ɑ̄-gîr´re, JOSEPH SAENZ , sɑ̄nz, DE: Spanish cardinal; b. at
- AgurAGUR. See Proverbs.
- AhabAHAB, ê´hab : Seventh king of Israel; son and successor of Omri. His dates are variousl
- AhasuerusAHASUERUS, ɑ-haz´yu-î´rus: A name given in the Old Testament to two kings. 1. The fath
- Ahaus, Heinrich vonAHAUS, ɑ̄´´hauz´, HEINRICH VON (Hendrik van Ahuis): Founder of the Brethren of the Com
- AhazAHAZ, ê´haz: Eleventh king of Judah, son and successor of Jotham. He ruled, according to the older comp
- AhaziahAHAZIAH, ê´´hɑ-zɑi´ɑ̄: 1. Eighth king of Israel, son and successor of Ahab. He reigned
- AhijahAHIJAH, ɑ-hɑi´jɑ̄ : A prophet, living at Shiloh, mentioned in I Kings xi. 29-39, xii. 1
- AhimelechAHIMELECH, ɑ̄-him´e-lec : High priest at the tabernacle in Nob. He gave the showbread a
- AhithophelAHITHOPHEL, ɑ̄-hith´o-fel : A counselor of David. He is called “the Gilonite,” i.e., fr
- Ahlfeld, Johann FriedrichAHLFELD, ɑ̄l´feld, JOHANN FRIEDRICH: Lutheran; b. at Mehringen (in the Harz, near Bern
- AichspaltAICHSPALT, ɑik´spɑ̄lt (AICHSPALTER, ASPELT): A common designation (from his birthplace
- Aidan, SaintAIDAN, ai´dan, SAINT: First bishop of Lindisfarne; d. at Bamborough (on the coast of N
- Aiken, Charles AugustusAIKEN, CHARLES AUGUSTUS: American Presbyterian; b. at Manchester, Vt., Oct. 30, 1827; d. at Princeton,
- Ailly, Pierre DAILLY, PIERRE D’, pyār d´ɑ̄´´lyî´ (Lat. Petrus de Alliaco ) : Chancellor of the
- AilredAILRED , êl´red (ÆLRED, ETHELRED): Abbot of the Cistercian abbey of Rievaulx in England
- AimoinAIMOIN, ê´´mwɑ̄n´ : The name of two French monks, both known as historians.
- Ainger, AlfredAINGER, ALFRED: Church of England; b. at London Feb. 9, 1837; d. there Feb. 8, 1904. He was educated at
- Ainsworth, HenryAINSWORTH, HENRY: English separatist; b., probably at Swanton, near Norwich, 1571; d. at Amsterdam 1622
- Aitken, William Hay Macdowall HunterAITKEN, WILLIAM HAY MACDOWALL HUNTER: Church of England; b. at Liverpool Sept. 21, 1841. He was educate
- Aix-La-ChapelleAIX-LA-CHAPELLE. See Aachen.
- Aked, Charles FredericAKED, CHARLES FREDERIC: English Baptist; b. at Nottingham Aug. 27, 1864. He was educated at Midland Bap
- AkibaAKIBA, ɑ̄-kî´bɑ̄: Jewish rabbi, said to have lived in Jerusalem in the time of the Second Temple, and t
- AkkadAKKAD. See Babylonia, IV., § 11.
- AkominatosAKOMINATOS. See Nicetas.
- Alacoque, Marguerite MarieALACOQUE, MARGUERITE MARIE. See Sacred Heart of Jesus, Devotion to.
- AlanusALANUS, ɑ-lɑ̄´nus: Name of at least three writers of the twelfth century.
- AlaricALARIC. See Goths, § 3.
- AlbALB: A vestment worn by Roman Catholic priests in celebrating mass, and prescribed also for the Church
- Alban, Saint, of MainzALBAN, SAINT, OF MAINZ: Alleged martyr of the fourth or fifth century, whose existence is somewhat doub
- Alban, Saint, of VerulamALBAN, SAINT, OF VERULAM: A martyr of the Britons, often mistakenly called “the protomartyr of the Engl
- AlbanensesALBANENSES, al´´bɑ-nen´sîz or -sês: A faction of the Cathari. They derived their name from Alb
- AlbatiALBATI. See Flagellation, Flagellants, II., § 5.
- Alber, ErasmusALBER, ɑ̄l´ber, ERASMUS: Theologian and poet of the German Reformation; b. in the Wett
- Alber, MatthæusALBER, MATTHÆUS: The “Luther of Swabia"; b. at Reutlingen (20 m. s. of Stuttgart) Dec. 4, 1495; d. at B
- AlbertALBERT, antipope, 1102. See Paschal II., pope.
- Albert of AixALBERT OF AIX: A historian of the twelfth century, designated in the manuscript of his Historia exp
- Albert of BrandenburgALBERT OF BRANDENBURG: Elector of Mainz and archbishop of Magdeburg; b. June 28, 1490; d. at Mainz Sept
- Albert of PrussiaEarly Life and Conversion to Protestantism (§ 1).
- Albert of RigaALBERT OF RIGA: Founder of the German power among the Esthonians and Letts; d. at Riga Jan. 17, 1229. H
- Albert the GreatALBERT THE GREAT. See Albertus Magnus.
- Albert V. of Bavaria and the Counter Reformation In BavariaALBERT V. OF BAVARIA AND THE COUNTER REFORMATION IN BAVARIA: Albert V., duke of Bavaria (b. Feb. 29, 15
- Alberti, ValentinALBERTI, ɑ̄l-bɑ̄r´-tî, VALENTIN: Lutheran; b. at Ulm (60 m. w.s.w. of Breslau), Silesi
- Albertini, Johann Baptist vonALBERTINI, ɑ̄l´´ber-tî´nî, JOHANN BAPTIST VON: Moravian bishop; b. at Neuwied (on the
- Albertus, MagnusALBERTUS MAGNUS (“Albert the Great”): Founder of the most flourishing period of scholasticism; b. at La
- Albigenses.ALBIGENSES. See New Manicheans, II.
- Albizzi, AntonioALBIZZI, ɑ̄l-bit´sî or ɑ̄l-bît´sî, ANTONIO: Italian priest; b. in Florence Nov. 25, 15
- Albizzi, BartolomeoALBIZZI, BARTOLOMEO (Lat. Bartholomæus Albicius Pisanus ): Franciscan monk; b. at Rivano, Tusca
- Albo, JosephALBO, JOSEPH: The last noteworthy Jewish religious philosopher of the Middle Ages; b. at Monreal (125 m
- AlbrechtALBRECHT, ɑ̄l´breHt. See Albert.
- Albrecht, Otto Wilhelm FerdinandALBRECHT, OTTO WILHELM FERDINAND: German Lutheran; b. at Angermünde (42 m. n.e. of Berlin) Dec. 2, 185
- Albright, JacobALBRIGHT, ɵ̄l´brait, JACOB: Founder of “the Evangelical Association of North America;”
- Alcantara, Order ofALCANTARA, ɑ̄l-cɑ̄n´tɑ-rɑ̄, ORDER OF: A spiritual order of knights, with Cistercian ru
- AlcimusALCIMUS. See High Priest.
- AlcuinALCUIN, al´cwin (English name, Ealhwine ; Lat. Flaccus Albinus ): The most prom
- AldebertALDEBERT. See Adalbert.
- Aldenburg, Bishopric ofALDENBURG, BISHOPRIC OF. See Lübeck, Bishopric of.
- Aldhelm SaintALDHELM (EALDHELM), ɑ̄ld´helm, SAINT: Abbot of Malmesbury and first bishop of Sherborn
- Aleandro, GirolamoALEANDRO, GIROLAMO, ɑ̄´´lê-ɑ̄n´drō jî-rō´lɑ̄-mō (Lat. Hieronymus Aleander ): Italian humanist a
- Alegambe, Philippe D’ALEGAMBE, ɑ̄´´lê-gɑ̄mb´, PHILIPPE D’: Jesuit theologian and literary historian; b. in
- AlemanniALEMANNI, ɑ̄´´lê-mɑ̄n´nî:
- Alesius, AlexanderALESIUS, ɑ-lî´shi-us, ALEXANDER (Latinized form of Aless ; known also
- AlexanderALEXANDER: The name of eight popes.
- Alexander BalasALEXANDER BALAS. See Seleucidæ.
- Alexander JannæusALEXANDER JANNÆUS. See Hasmoneans.
- Alexander Nevski, SaintALEXANDER NEVSKI, SAINT : A saint of the Eastern Church; b. at Vladimir (110 m. e. by n. of Moscow) 1218
- Alexander of HalesALEXANDER OF HALES ( Halensis or Alensis, Halesius or Alesius ; called Doc
- Alexander of HierapolisALEXANDER OF HIERAPOLIS , hɑi´´e-rap´ō-lis: Bishop of Hierapolis and metropolitan of the province Euphra
- Alexander of LycopolisALEXANDER OF LYCOPOLIS , lɑi-kep´ō-lis or lic´´ɵp´ō-lis: Alleged author of a work against the doctrines
- Alexander SeverusALEXANDER SEVERUS (Marcus Aurelius Alexander Severus): Roman emperor 222-235; b. at Arce in Phenicia, m
- Alexander, ArchibaldALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD: Presbyterian clergyman, and first professor in the Princeton Theological Seminary
- Alexander, Charles McCallonALEXANDER, CHARLES McCALLON: Revivalist; b. at Meadow, Tenn., Oct. 24, 1867. He was educated at Maryvil
- Alexander, GeorgeALEXANDER, GEORGE: Presbyterian; b. at West Charlton , N. Y., Oct. 12, 1843. He received his education
- Alexander, GrossALEXANDER, GROSS: Methodist Episcopalian; b. at Scottsville, Ky., June 1, 1852. He was educated at the
- Alexander, James WaddellALEXANDER, JAMES WADDELL: Presbyterian; b. near Gordonsville, Louisa County, Virginia, Mar. 13, 1804, e
- Alexander, Joseph AddisonALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON: American Presbyterian; b. at Philadelphia Apr. 24,1809, third son of Archiba
- Alexander, Patriarch of AlexandriaALEXANDER: Patriarch of Alexandria 313-328. See Arianism, I., 1.
- Alexander, WilliamALEXANDER, WILLIAM: 1. Anglican archbishop of Armagh and primate of all Ireland; b. at Londonderry, Ire
- Alexander, William LindsayALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY: Scotch Congregationalist; b. at Leith Aug. 24, 1808; d. near Musselburgh (5
- Alexandria, Patriarchate ofALEXANDRIA, PATRIARCHATE OF: One of the most important episcopal sees of the early Church, traditionall
- Alexandria, School ofOrigin (§ 1).
- Alexandria, Synods ofALEXANDRIA, SYNODS OF. For the synods held in Alexandria in 320 or 321 and 362, see Arianism I., 1, § 2
- AlexiansALEXIANS: An order, aiming to care for the sick and bury the dead, which originated in the Netherlands
- Alexius I., ComnenusALEXIUS I., ɑ̄-lex´i-us, COMNENUS: Emperor of Constantinople 1081-1118, founder of the
- Alford, HenryALFORD, HENRY : Dean of Canterbury; b. in London Oct. 7, 1810; d. at Canterbury Jan. 12, 1871. He studie
- Alfred the GreatALFRED (ÆLFRED) THE GREAT: King of the West Saxons 871-901; b. at Wantage (60 m. w. of London), Berkshi
- AlfricALFRIC, al´fric (ÆLFRIC) ( Alfricus Grammaticus ) : Anglo-Saxon
- Alger, of LiegeALGER, ɑ̄l´´zhê´, OF LIÉGE (ALGER OF CLUNY, Algerus Scholasticus , and Alg
- Alger, William RounsevilleALGER, al´jer, WILLIAM ROUNSEVILLE: Unitarian; b. at Freetown, Mass., Dec. 30, 1822; d
- AlgeriaALGERIA. See Africa, II.
- All Saints’ DayALL SAINTS’ DAY (Lat. Festum omnium sanctorum ) : The first day of November. Th
- All Souls’ DayALL SOULS’ DAY (Lat. Commemoratio omnium fidelium defunctorum ) : The second da
- Allard, PaulALLARD, ɑ̄l´´lɑ̄r´, PAUL: Layman, French Christian archeologist; b. at Rouen Sept. 15,
- Allatius, LeoALLATIUS, al-lê´shius or -shus, LEO (LEONE ALACCI): Roman Catholic scholar; b. on the
- Allegorical InterpretationALLEGORICAL INTERPRETATION. See Exegesis or Hermeneutics, III., §§ 2-5.
- Allegri, GregorioALLEGRI, ɑ̄l-lê´grî, GREGORIO: Italian composer; b. in Rome, of the family of the Corr
- Alleine, JosephALLEINE, al´en, JOSEPH: English non-conformist; b. at Devizes (86 m. w. of London), Wi
- Alleine, RichardALLEINE, RICHARD: English non-conformist; b. at Ditcheat (18 m. s. by w. of Bath) 1611; d. at Frome Sel
- Allemand, Louis DALLEMAND, ɑ̄l´´mɑ̄n´ (ALEMAN), LOUIS D’: Archbishop of Arles and cardinal; b. of noble
- Allen, Alexander Viets GriswoldALLEN, ALEXANDER VIETS GRISWOLD: Protestant Episcopalian; b. at Otis, Mass., May 4, 1841. He was educat
- Allen, HenryALLEN, HENRY: Founder of the Allenites; b. at Newport, R. I., June 14, 1748; d. at Northhampton, N. H.,
- Allen, JohnALLEN, JOHN: 1. Archbishop of Dublin; b. 1476; murdered at Artaine, near Dublin, July 27, 1534, during
- Allen, Joseph HenryALLEN, JOSEPH HENRY: American Unitarian; b. at Northborough, Mass., Aug. 21, 1820; d. at Cambridge, Mas
- Allen, WilliamALLEN, WILLIAM: 1. “The cardinal of England;” b. at Rossall (36 m. n. of Liverpool), Lancashire, 1532;
- Alley, WilliamALLEY, WILLIAM: Bishop of Exeter; b. about 1510 at Chipping Wycombe, Bucks, England; d. at Exeter Apr.
- Alliance of the Reformed ChurchesALLIANCE OF THE REFORMED CHURCHES:
- Alliance, EvangelicalALLIANCE, EVANGELICAL. See Evangelical Alliance.
- Allies, Thomas WilliamALLIES, THOMAS WILLIAM: English Roman Catholic; b. at Midsomer Norton (14 m. n.e. of Glastonbury), Some
- Allioli, Josef FranzALLIOLI, ɑ̄l´´lî-ō´lî, JOSEF FRANZ: Roman Catholic; b. at Sulzbach, Austria, Aug.10, 1
- Allix, PierreALLIX, ɑ̄´´lîx´, PIERRE: Controversialist of the French Reformed Church; b. at Alençon
- Allon, HenryALLON, HENRY: English Congregationalist; b. at Welton (10 m. w. of Hull), Yorkshire, Oct. 13, 1818; d.
- Almain, JacquesALMAIN, ɑ̄l´´mên´, JACQUES: Gallican theologian; b. at Sens c. 1450; d. in Paris 1515.
- Almeida, ManoelALMEIDA, ɑ̄l-mê´i-dɑ, MANOEL: Jesuit missionary; b. at Vizeu (50 m. e.s.e. of Oporto),
- AlmonerALMONER (Fr. aumônier ; Lat. eleemosynarius ) : An office at the French
- AlmsALMS: A gift to which the recipient has no claim and for which he renders no return, made purely from p
- AlogiALOGI, ɑ̄l´o-jî (Gk. alogoi ) : A name coined by Epiphanius ( Haer. , li
- AlombradosALOMBRADOS, ɑ̄´´lom-brɑ̄´dez (modern spelling, ALUMBRADOS; Lat. Illuminati ; “
- Aloysius, Saint, of GonzagaALOYSIUS , al´´ɵi´´shius´, SAINT, OF GONZAGA (LUIGI GONZAGA): Jesuit; b. in the castle
- Alpha and OmegaALPHA AND OMEGA (Α, Ω): The first and last letters of the Greek alphabet. They are used in a symbolic s
- AlphæusALPHÆUS, al-fî´us : Father of the second James in all four of the lists of the apostles
- Alsace-LorraineALSACE-LORRAINE (Germ. Elsass-Lothringen ) : An immediate “imperial territory”
- Alsted, Johann HeinrichALSTED, ɑ̄l´sted, JOHANN HEINRICH: Reformed theologian; b. at Ballersbach, near Herbor
- AltarIn Primitive Religion.
- Altar-breadALTAR-BREAD: The bread used in the Roman Catholic and Greek churches in the Sacrament of the Eucharist.
- Altar-cardsALTAR-CARDS: Three cards, containing certain prayers of the mass, placed on the altar in Roman Catholic
- Altar-clothsALTAR-CLOTHS. See Altar, III., 1, a, § 2.
- Altenburg, Colloquy ofALTENBURG, COLLOQUY OF. See Philippist.
- Altenstein, Karl Freiherr von Stein ZumALTENSTEIN, ɑ̄l´´ten-stɑin´, KARL FREIHERR VON STEIN ZUM: German statesman, first mini
- Althamer, AndreasALTHAMER, ɑ̄l´thɑ̄m´´er, ANDREAS (sometimes known by the Greek form of his name, <stro
- Althaus, PaulALTHAUS, PAUL: German Protestant; b: at Fallersleben (17 m. n.e. of Brunswick) Dec. 29, 1861. He was ed
- Alting, Johann HeinrichALTING, JOHANN HEINRICH: Reformed theologian; b. at Emden (70 m. w.n.w. of Bremen), East Friesland, Feb
- AltmannALTMANN, ɑ̄lt´mɑ̄n : Bishop of Passau 1065-91; d. at Zeiselmauer (12 m. n.w. of Vienna)
- Altmann, WilhelmALTMANN, WILHELM: German librarian and historian; b. at Adelnau (65 m. s.e. of Posen) Apr. 4, 1862. He
- Altruist CommunityALTRUIST COMMUNITY. See Communism, II., 2.
- AlumbradosALUMBRADOS. See Alombrados.
- AlumnateALUMNATE: A term used to denote the position of a student in an episcopal or papal seminary. In order t
- Alvar of CordovaALVAR OF CORDOVA (called also Paul Alvar ) : Spanish Christian champion
- Alypius, SaintALYPIUS, SAINT: 1. A saint of the Roman Calendar; b. of a prominent family at Thagaste, Numidia, in the
- Alzog, Johann BaptistALZOG, ɑ̄l´tsoh, JOHANN BAPTIST: Roman Catholic; b. at Ohlau (17 m. s.e. of Breslau),
- AmadeistsAMADEISTS, See Francis, Saint, of Assisi, and the Franciscan Order, III., § 7.
- Amalarius of MetzAMALARIUS, am-ɑ-lɑ̄´rî-us, OF METZ (AMALARIUS SYMPHOSIUS): Liturgical writer of the ni
- Amalarius of TrevesAMALARIUS OF TREVES (AMALARIUS FORTUNATUS): Archbishop of Treves. Little is known of his life, but he i
- Amalek, AmalekitesAMALEK, am´ɑ-lek, AMALEKITES , am´-ɑlek-ɑits : A Bedouin people who are
- Amalric of BenaAMALRIC, ɑ-mal´rik (Fr. Amaury ), OF BENA AND THE AMALRICIANS, ɑ-mal-rîsh´ɑns<
- Amana SocietyAMANA SOCIETY. See Communism, II., 3.
- AmandusAMANDUS, ɑ-man´dus : Bishop and missionary of the Franks; d. at the abbey of Elno, near
- Amandus, JohannesAMANDUS, JOHANNES. See Albert of Prussia, § 2.
- Amarna TabletsTell el-Amarna.
- AmaziahAMAZIAH, am´´ɑ̄-zɑ´iɑ̄ : Eighth king of Judah. He was the son of Joash, and reigned 838
- AmboAMBO: A sort of raised platform in early Christian churches, used for a variety of purposes. The name i
- Ambrose of AlexandriaAMBROSE OF ALEXANDRIA: Friend of Origen; d. about 250. Attracted by Origen’s fame as a teacher, he visi
- Ambrose Saint, of MilanAMBROSE (Lat. Ambrosius ), SAINT, OF MILAN: One of the great leaders and teach
- Ambrose the CamaldoliteAMBROSE THE CAMALDOLITE (Ambrogio Traversari , Lat. Traversarius ): Prominent
- Ambrose, IsaacAMBROSE, ISAAC: Puritan; b. in Lancashire, England, 1604; d. at Preston 1664. He studied at Brasenose C
- Ambrosian ChantAMBROSIAN CHANT: A lively, rhythmical, melodious congregational song, which grew out of a union of the
- AmbrosiansAMBROSIANS: Name of several religious societies, organized in the city or diocese of Milan after the fo
- AmbrosiasterAMBROSIASTER: The name commonly used for the unknown author of the Commentaria in xiii. epistolas b
- AmenAMEN. See Liturgical Formulas.
- American and Foreign Bible SocietyAMERICAN AND FOREIGN BIBLE SOCIETY. See Bible Societies, III., 2.
- American and Foreign Christian UnionAMERICAN AND FOREIGN CHRISTIAN UNION: A society organized May 10, 1849, by the union (as indic
- American Baptist Missionary UnionAMERICAN BAPTIST MISSIONARY UNION. See Baptists, II., 3, § 7.
- American Baptist Publication SocietyAMERICAN BAPTIST PUBLICATION SOCIETY. See Baptists, II., 3, § 7.
- American Bible SocietyAMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY. See Bible Societies, III., 1.
- American Bible UnionAMERICAN BIBLE UNION. See Bible Societies, III., 2.
- American Board of Commissioners For Foreign MissionsAMERICAN BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS FOR FOREIGN MISSIONS. See Congregationalists, I.,4, § 11; Missions.
- American Lectures On the History of ReligionsAMERICAN LECTURES ON THE HISTORY OF RELIGIONS: A lectureship made possible by the union of a number of
- American Missionary AssociationAMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION. See Congregationalists, I., 4, § 10.
- American Reform Tract and Book SocietyAMERICAN REFORM TRACT AND BOOK SOCIETY. See Tract Societies.
- American Seamen’s Friend SocietyAMERICAN SEAMEN’S FRIEND SOCIETY. See Seamen, Missions For.
- American Sunday-School UnionAMERICAN SUNDAY-SCHOOL UNION. See Sunday-Schools.
- American Tract SocietyAMERICAN TRACT SOCIETY. See Tract Societies.
- Ames, WilliamAMES, WILLIAM (Lat. Amesius ) : Puritan; b. at Ipswich, Suffolk, England, 1576;
- AmiceAMICE, am´is : A vestment worn by Roman Catholic priests when celebrating mass. See Ves
- Amiot, Joseph MariaAMIOT (wrongly spelled Amyot ), ɑ̄´´mî´´ō´, JOSEPH MARIA: Jesuit missionary; b
- AmishAMISH. See Mennonites.
- Amling, WolfgangAMLING, WOLFGANG: German Reformed theologian; b. at Münnerstadt (35 m. n.n.e. of Würzburg), Franconia,
- Ammianus MarcellinusAMMIANUS MARCELLINUS, am´´mî-ɑ̄´nus mɑ̄r´´sel-lî´nus : Author of a Roman history (
- Ammon, Christoph Friedrich vonAMMON, CHRISTOPH FRIEDRICH VON: German theologian; b. at Baireuth Jan. 16, 1766; d. in Dresden May 21,
- AmmonitesAMMONITES: A people of Palestine, allied, according to Gen. xix. 38, to Abraham through Lot, and theref
- AmmoniusAMMONIUS, am-mō´ne-us, OF ALEXANDRIA: An Alexandrian of the third century who is thoug
- Ammonius SaccasAMMONIUS SACCAS, sak´kas : The founder of Neoplatonism; he lived at Alexandria c. 175-2
- Ammonius the HermitAMMONIUS (AMMON, AMUN) THE HERMIT. See Monasticism.
- AmoloAMOLO, am´ō-lō : Archbishop of Lyons, 841-852. He was educated in the school of Lyons u
- Amon, Egyptian DeityAMON, EGYPTIAN DEITY: The local deity of Thebes in Upper Egypt. The etymology of the name, as in the ca
- Amon, King of JudahAMON, ê´mɵn, KING OF JUDAH: Fourteenth king of Judah, son and successor of Manasseh. H
- AmoritesAMORITES, am´ōraits : According to Gen. x. 15-18; I Chron. i. 13-16, one of the eleven
- AmosAMOS, ê´mɵs :
- Amphilochius, SaintAMPHILOCHIUS, am´´fi-lō´ki-us, SAINT: Apparently a cousin of Gregory Nazianzen, and cl
- AmpullaeAMPULLÆ, am-pul´lî or -lê : [Flasks or vials for holding liquids. In ecclesiastical usa
- AmraphelAMRAPHEL. See Hammurabi and his Code, I., § 1.
- Amsdorf, Nikolaus vonAMSDORF, NIKOLAUS VON: German Protestant; b. at Torgau (30 m. n.e. of Leipsic) Dec. 3, 1483; d. at Eise
- AmuletAMULET, am´yu-let : A word first used to designate objects having a magical effect in w
- AmyotAMYOT. See Amiot.
- Amyraut, MoiseAMYRAUT, am´´î-rō´, MOÏSE (Lat. Moses Amyraldus ) : Calvinist
- AnabaptistsThe Sober Anabaptists.
- AnachoriteANACHORITE. See Anchoret.
- AnacletusANACLETUS, an´´a klî´tus : The name of one pope and one antipope.
- AnagnostANAGNOST. See Lector.
- AnammelechANAMMELECH, ɑ-nam´e´lec or a´´nam´´mê´lec : According to II Kings xvii. 31, a deity wor
- AnaniasANANIAS, an´´-ɑ-nɑi´ɑs : The high priest in whose time the apostle Paul was imprisoned
- AnaphoraANAPHORA, ɑn-af´o-rɑ : Name used in the Eastern liturgies for the later or more sacred
- AnastasiusANASTASIUS: Of the many bearers of this name in the Eastern Church the following three are specially de
- AnastasiusANASTASIUS, an´´ɑs-tê´shi-us or zhus : The name of four popes and one antipope.
- Anastasius BibliothecariusANASTASIUS BIBLIOTHECARIUS: One of the few important men among the Roman clergy in the middle of the ni
- AnathemaANATHEMA, ɑ-nath´e-mɑ : Among the Greeks the word anathēma denoted an object c
- Anatolius of ConstantinopleANATOLIUS, an´´ɑ̄-tō´li-us, OF CONSTANTINOPLE: Patriarch of Constantinople; d. 458. He
- Anatolius of LaodiceaANATOLIUS OF LAODICEA: Bishop of Laodicea in the third century. He was a native of Alexandria, and exce
- Anchieta, Jose deANCHIETA, ɑ̄n´´shî-ê´tɑ, JOSÉ DE: The apostle of Brazil; b. at La Laguna, Teneriffe, C
- AnchoretANCHORET (ANCHORITE, ANACHORITE): A name applied to one of the class of early ascetics who withdrew fro
- AncillonANCILLON, ɑ̄n-sî´yɵn : Name of an old Huguenot family of France, one of whose members r
- Ancyra, Synod ofANCYRA, an-sɑi´ra SYNOD OF: A council held at Ancyra (the modern Angora, 215 m. e.s.e.
- Anderson, Charles PalmerstonANDERSON, CHARLES PALMERSTON: Protestant Episcopal bishop of Chicago; b. at Kemptville, Canada, Sept. 8
- Anderson, GalushaANDERSON, GALUSHA: Baptist; b. at Clarendon, N. Y., Mar. 7, 1832. He was educated at Rochester Universi
- Anderson, JosephANDERSON, JOSEPH: Congregationalist; b. at Broomtoro (a hamlet of Rossshire), Scotland, Dec. 16, 1836.
- Anderson, LarsANDERSON, LARS. See Andreä, Lorenz.
- Anderson, Martin BrewerANDERSON, MARTIN BREWER: American Baptist; b. at Brunswick, Me., Feb. 12, 1815; d. at Lake Helen, Fla.,
- Anderson, RufusANDERSON, RUFUS: American Congregationalist; b. at North Yarmouth, Me., Aug. 17, 1796; d. in Boston May
- Anderson, William FranklinANDERSON, WILLIAM FRANKLIN: Methodist Episcopalian; b. at Morgantown, W. Va., Apr. 22, 1860. He was edu
- Andrada, Antonio DANDRADA, an-drɑ̄´dɑ, ANTONIO D’: Jesuit missionary; b. at Villa de Oleiros, Alemtejo,
- Andrada, Didacus,ANDRADA, DIDACUS, did´ɑ-cus (DIOGO) PAYVA D’: Theologian; b. at Coimbra, Portugal, Jul
- Andrea, JakobANDREÄ, an´drê-ɑ, JAKOB: Lutheran; b. at Waiblingen (7 m. n.e. of Stuttgart), Württemb
- Andrea, Johann ValentinANDREÄ, JOHANN VALENTIN: Theologian and satirist, grandson of Jakob Andreä; b. at Herrenberg, near Tübi
- Andrea, LorenzANDREÄ, LORENZ (LARS ANDERSON): The great ecclesiastico-political Swedish reformer; b. probably at Stre
- Andrew and Philip, Brotherhood ofANDREW AND PHILIP, BROTHERHOOD OF: An interdenominational religious society for men of all ages. The so
- Andrew of CæsareaANDREW OF CÆSAREA: Metropolitan of Cæsarea in Cappadocia, author of a commentary on the Apocalypse whic
- Andrew of CarniolaANDREW OF CARNIOLA: Archbishop of Carniola (Krain) in the fifteenth century. He was a Slavonian, and be
- Andrew of CreteANDREW OF CRETE: Archbishop of Crete; b. at Damascus; d. not earlier than 726. He became a monk at Jeru
- Andrew of LundANDREW OF LUND (ANDERS SUNESÖN): Archbishop of Lund; b. at Knarthorp (3 m. n.w. of Copenhagen) about 11
- Andrew the ApostleANDREW THE APOSTLE: One of the twelve apostles, brother of Peter; born, like him, in Bethsaida (John i.
- Andrewes, LancelotANDREWES, LANCELOT: English bishop; b. at Barking (7 m. e. of London) 1555; d. at Winchester House, Sou
- Andrews, Edward GayerANDREWS, EDWARD GAYER: Methodist Episcopal bishop; b. at New Hartford, N. Y., Aug. 7, 1825. He was educ
- Andrews, Elisha BenjaminANDREWS, ELISHA BENJAMIN: Baptist; b. at Hinsdale, N. H., Jan. 10, 1844. He was educated at Brown Unive
- Andrews, Samuel JamesANDREWS, SAMUEL JAMES: Catholic Apostolic Church; b. at Danbury, Conn., July 30, 1817; d. at Hartford O
- Andrews, William WatsonANDREWS, WILLIAM WATSON: Catholic Apostolic Church, brother of Samuel James Andrews; b. at Windham, Con
- AngariaeANGARIÆ: Certain taxes or services usually rendered on the Ember Days, whence the name was transferred
- AngelBiblical Conceptions.
- Angela of BresciaANGELA OF BRESCIA. See Merici, Angela.
- AngelicalsANGELICALS: A sisterhood founded about 1530 by Ludovica di Torelli, Countess of Guastalla (then, at the
- Angelis, GirolamoANGELIS, an´je-lis, GIROLAMO, jî-rō´l-ɑ̄mō : Jesuit missionary; b. at
- AngelusANGELUS, an´je-lus : The ordinary name (taken from its opening word in Latin) of a Roma
- Angilbert, SaintANGILBERT, an-gil´bert, or ENGELBERT (Fr. pron. ɑ̄n´´zhîl-bār´), SAINT:</stron
- AngilramANGILRAM, an´´gil-rɑm (Fr. pron. ɑ̄n´´zhîl-rɑ̄m´) : Bishop of Metz 768, after 787 with
- Anglican ChurchANGLICAN CHURCH or COMMUNION: A comprehensive name for the Reformation churches of Eng
- Anglo-Saxons, Conversion of theANGLO-SAXONS, CONVERSION OF THE: The Angles, Saxons, and kindred peoples who by the end of the sixth ce
- Anglus, ThomasANGLUS, THOMAS. See White, Thomas.
- AngolaANGOLA. See Africa, II.
- Angus, JosephANGUS, JOSEPH: English Baptist; b. at Bolam (15 m. n.w. of Newcastle), Northumberland, Jan. 16, 1816; d
- AnhaltANHALT: Duchy of the German empire, surrounded, except for a short distance on the west, where it touch
- AnicetusANICETUS, an-i-sî´tus : Pope from about 154 to about 165. According to the Liber po
- AnimalsAccording to the lists (Lev. xi. 1-31, 46-47; Deut. xiv. 1-19), the clean animals (i.e., those whose flesh might be eate
- AnimismANIMISM. See Comparative Religion, V., 1, a, §§ 1-4; Heathenism, §§ 2, 6.
- AnnaANNA: 1. Mother of the Virgin Mary. See Anne, Saint. 2. A “prophetess,” mentioned in L
- Anna ComnenaANNA COMNENA, cɵm-nî´nɑ : A Byzantine princess of both literary and political importanc
- AnnasANNAS (called Ananos by Josephus) : Jewish high priest, son of Seth. H
- AnnatsANNATS (ANNATES). See Taxation, Ecclesiastical.
- Anne, SaintANNE (ANNA), SAINT: Mother of the Virgin Mary. According to apocryphal tradition ( Evangelium de nat
- Annet, PeterANNET, PETER. See Deism.
- Anni CleriANNI CLERI: A method of repaying loans for the erection of a church or parsonage, whereby succeeding pa
- AnnihilationismDefinition and Classification of Theories (§ 1).
- AnniversariusANNIVERSARIUS (sc. dies ), ANNIVERSARIUM: A day or service in memory of a dece
- AnnoANNO: Archbishop of Cologne; b. probably 1010; d. at Cologne Dec. 4, 1075. He came of a noble Swabian f
- Annotated BiblesANNOTATED BIBLES. See Bibles, Annotated.
- Annulus PiscatorisANNULUS PISCATORIS, an´yu-lus pis-kɑ-tō´ris : The official ring worn by the popes. Ever
- Annunciation, Feast of theANNUNCIATION, FEAST OF THE: A festival celebrated in the Greek, Roman Catholic, and Anglican churches o
- Annunciation, Orders of theANNUNCIATION, ORDERS OF THE (ANNUNCIADES): Five Roman Catholic congregations, two for men and three for
- Annus CarentiæANNUS CARENTIÆ, an´us kɑ̄-ren´shi-î : The term during which a canon or other prebendary
- Annus ClaustralisANNUS CLAUSTRALIS, clɵs-tra´lis : The first year in which a canon holds his benefice, a
- Annus DecretoriusANNUS DECRETORIUS, dec´´re-tō´ri-us : The year 1624, which by the peace of Westphalia (
- Annus DeservitusANNUS DESERVITUS, des-er-vî´tus, or ANNUS GRATIÆ , grê´shi-î or -ê : Th
- Annus LuctusANNUS LUCTUS: The year of mourning, in some countries an obstacle to marriage (q.v.).
- AnointingANOINTING. See Ointment; Sacramentals.
- AnomoiosANOMOIOS, ANOMOIANS (ANOMŒANS). See Arianism.
- Anrich, Gustav AdolfANRICH, GUSTAV ADOLF: German Lutheran; b. at Runzenheim (a village of Lower Alsace) Dec. 2, 1867. He wa
- AnsegisANSEGIS, an-sê´jis (abbreviated form of Ansegisil ) : 1. The Elder Ansegis:</str
- Anselm of HavelbergANSELM OF HAVELBERG: Bishop of Havelberg, later archbishop of Ravenna; d. 1158. He took an active part
- Anselm of LaonANSELM OF LAON (Lat. Laudunensis ; called also Scholasticus ) : Archdea
- Anselm of LuccaANSELM OF LUCCA: 1. Anselm Badagius ( Badagio ): Bishop of Lucca 1057-73, also pope (Ale
- Anselm, Saint, of CanterburyANSELM, SAINT, OF CANTERBURY: The father of medieval scholasticism and one of the most eminent of Engli
- AnsgarANSGAR or ANSKAR ( Aasgejr, Osgejr , “God’s Spear"; the modern Oscar</s
- AnsoANSO: A monk and abbot (776-800) of Lobbes (35 m. s. of Brussels), but not, like his predecessors, also
- AnterusANTERUS, an´te-rus : Bishop of Rome in the third century, successor of Pontianus. Accor
- AnthonistsANTHONISTS. See Anthony, Saint, Orders of.
- Anthony, Alfred WilliamsANTHONY, ALFRED WILLIAMS: Free Baptist; b. at Providence, R. I., Jan. 13, 1860. He was educated at Brow
- Anthony, Saint, of PaduaANTHONY, SAINT, OF PADUA: The most celebrated of the followers of St. Francis of Assisi; b. at Lisbon,
- Anthony, Saint, Orders ofANTHONY, SAINT, ORDERS OF: The oldest and most important of the religious orders named after St. Anthon
- Anthony, Saint, the HermitANTHONY, SAINT, THE HERMIT. See Monasticism.
- AnthropologyANTHROPOLOGY. See Theology.
- AnthropomorphismANTHROPOMORPHISM and ANTHROPOPATHISM (Gk. anthrōpos , “man,” + morphē
- AntichristThe Idea Possibly of Babylonian Origin (§ 1).
- AntidicomarianitesANTIDICOMARIANITES, an´´ti-dic´´o-mê´ri-ɑn-ɑits : A name applied by Epiphanius ( Hær
- AntilegomenaANTILEGOMENA. See Canon of Scripture.
- AntimensiumANTIMENSIUM, an´´ti-men´si-um : A name applied in the Greek Church to a linen cloth spr
- Antinomianism and Antinomian ControversiesAntinomianism in General.
- Antioch, Patriarchate ofANTIOCH, PATRIARCHATE OF. See Patriarch; Syria.
- Antioch, School ofANTIOCH, an´ti-oc, SCHOOL OF: A term designating, not an educational institution like
- Antioch, Synod ofANTIOCH, SYNOD OF, 341 A.D.: Records of more than thirty synods held at Antioch in Syria in the early d
- Antiochus, AbbotANTIOCHUS: Abbot of Mar Saba (about 3 hours s.w. of Jerusalem), early in the seventh century, a Galatia
- Antiochus, KingsANTIOCHUS, an-tai´o-kus : The name of thirteen kings of Syria, belonging to the dynasty
- AntipasANTIPAS: Son of Herod the Great. See Herod and his Family.
- Antipater of BostraANTIPATER (an-tip´a-ter) OF BOSTRA: Bishop of Bostra (70 m. s. of Damascus) soon after
- AntiphonANTIPHON, an´ti-fon : A term denoting primarily alternating song or chanting, one voice
- AntipopeANTIPOPE: A papal usurper, not elected in the canonical way, but resting his claims on fraud or force.
- AntitactæANTITACTÆ, an"ti-tac´tî or -tê : The name given by Clement of Alexandria ( Strom.</e
- AntitrinitarianismThe Earliest Antitrinitarianism (§ 1).
- Anton, PaulANTON, PAUL: Lutheran; b. at Hirschfelde (near Zittau, 50 m. e.s.e. of Dresden), in Upper Lausitz, Feb.
- Antonelli, GiacomoANTONELLI, ɑ̄n"to-nel´lî, GIACOMO, jɑ̄´cō-mō : Cardinal secretary of s
- AntoniansANTONIANS, an-tō´ni-ans, or ANTONINES, an"to-nainz´ : 1. Religious ord
- Antoninus PiusANTONINUS, an"to-nai´nus, PIUS: Roman emperor 138-161; b. near Lanuvium (Civita Lavign
- Antoninus, Saint, of FlorenceANTONINUS, SAINT, OF FLORENCE (ANTONIO PIEROZZI): Archbishop of Florence; b. in that city 1389; d. ther
- Antonio de LebrijaANTONIO DE LEBRIJA, an-tō´ni-ō dê lê-brî´ ha, (Lat. Ælius Antonius Nebrissensis , i.e., “of Leb
- Antwerp PolyglotANTWERP POLYGLOT. See Bibles, Polyglot.
- ApharsachitesAPHARSACHITES , a-fɑ̄r’sa-kaits, APHARSATHCHITES , a-fɑ̄r"sath´kaits, APHARSITES
- AphraatesAPHRAATES, a frɑ̄´tîz : The “Persian sage.” He is known as the author of twenty-two hom
- AphthartodocetaeAPHTHARTODOCETÆ, af´thɑ̄r"tō-do-sî´tî. See Monophysites.
- ApionAPION, ê´pe-on : Alexandrian grammarian of the first century. He was born in the Great
- Apocalypse, theAPOCALYPSE, THE. See John the Apostle, II., 1. For apocryphal apocalypses, see Apocrypha, B, IV.; See a
- Apocalyptic Literature, JewishAPOCALYPTIC LITERATURE, JEWISH: The latest type of Jewish prophetic writing. The literature generally c
- ApocatastasisEarliest Advocates (§ 1).
- ApocrisiariusAPOCRISIARIUS, ap"o-cris"i-ê´ri-Us : A general designation in early times for ecclesias
- Apollinaris of LaodiceaThe name of two men, father and son, known to Church history. Apollinaris the Elder was an Alexandrian, taught grammar a
- Apollinaris, ClaudiusAPOLLINARIS, a-pel"li-nê´ris (APOLLINARIUS), CLAUDIUS: Bishop of Hierapolis in Phrygia
- Apollonia, SaintAPOLLONIA , ɑ̄"pel-lō´nî-a, SAINT: A martyr of Alexandria, according to a letter from D
- ApolloniusAPOLLONIUS , ap"el-lō´ni-us : 1. A Roman martyr under Commodus. Eusebius ( Hist. eccl
- Apollonius of TyanaAPOLLONIUS OF TYANA: Neo-Pythagorean philosopher, elevated by non-Christians to a place by the side of
- ApollosAPOLLOS , a-pel´es (probably a contraction from Apollonius) : A man eminent in New Testa
- ApologeticsSignificance of the Term (§ 1)
- Aportanus, GeorgAPORTANUS, ap"ōr-tɑ̄´nus, GEORG (Jurien, or Jürjen, van der Dare, Daere, or Dure)<stro
- ApostasyAPOSTASY (Gk. Apostasia , “Revolt”) : According to the teaching of the earlier
- ApostleAPOSTLE (“One Sent [of God]”) : A name applied in the Old Testament to the chosen organ
- Apostles, Teaching of the TwelveAPOSTLES, TEACHING OF THE TWELVE. See Didache.
- Apostles’ CreedThe First Ecumenical Creeds (§ 1).
- Apostleship of PrayerAPOSTLESHIP OF PRAYER. See Confraternities, Religious; Sacred Heart of Jesus, Devotion to.
- Apostolic BrethrenAPOSTOLIC BRETHREN: A sect founded in northern Italy in the latter half of the thirteenth century by Gh
- Apostolic Church DirectoryAPOSTOLIC CHURCH DIRECTORY: A work of Egyptian origin, probably of the third century. It appears in ear
- Apostolic Constitutions and CanonsOrigin and History (§ 1).
- Apostolic Council At JerusalemNew Testament Statements and Allusions (§ 1).
- Apostolic FathersAPOSTOLIC FATHERS: A common designation for those writers of the ancient Church who were scholars of ap
- Apostolic KingAPOSTOLIC KING: An honorary title of the kings of Hungary, said to have been given originally to Stephe
- Apostolic MennonitesAPOSTOLIC MENNONITES. See Mennonites.
- Apostolic SuccessionAPOSTOLIC SUCCESSION: According to the theory of supporters of the episcopal form of church polity, the
- ApostoliciAPOSTOLICI (called by themselves Apotactici , “Renuntiants”) : heretica
- Appeals To the PopeAPPEALS TO THE POPE: Appeals from lower officials or courts, which, considered as an ordinary process o
- Appel, TheodoreAPPEL, THEODORE: German Reformed clergyman; b. at Easton, Pa., Apr. 30,1823. He was educated at Marshal
- AppellantsAPPELLANTS: The name of that party, which, in the controversy between the Jansenists and the Jesuits, r
- Appleton, JesseAPPLETON, JESSE: American Congregationalist; b. at New Ipswich, N. H., Nov. 17, 1772; d. at Brunswick,
- ApponiusAPPONIUS, ap-pō´ni-Us : The author of an exposition of the Song of Solomon. He names hi
- Approbation of BooksAPPROBATION OF BOOKS. See Censorship.
- ApseAPSE (APSIS): The semicircular or semioctagonal enclosure with which the choir of the older Christian c
- AquariiAQUARII, ɑ-cwê´ri-ai (“Water People”) : The name given by Philastrius ( Hær. , l
- Aquaviva, ClaudioAQUAVIVA, ɑ̄´´cwa-vî´va, CLAUDIO: Fifth general of the Jesuits; b. at Naples Sept. 14,
- AquilaAQUILA, ac´wi-la : 1. Translator of the Old Testament into Greek; see Bible Versions, A
- Aquila KasparAQUILA (ADLER) KASPAR: Lutheran; b. at Augsburg Aug. 7, 1488; d. at Saalfeld (65 m. s.w. of Leipsic), T
- Aquileia, Patriarchate and SynodsAQUILEIA , ɑ̄´´cwi-lê´yɑ̄, PATRIARCHATE AND SYNODS: Aquileia, or Aglar, a town at the n
- Aquileian CreedAQUILEIAN CREED: The creed of the Church of Aquileia as given by the Aquileian Rufinus ( Expositio s
- AquinasAQUINAS. See Thomas Aquinas.
- ArabiaI.Use of the Name.
- ArabiansARABIANS (Lat. Arabici ) : A name given by Augustine ( Hær. , lxxxiii.)
- Arabic Gospel of the InfancyARABIC GOSPEL OF THE INFANCY. See Apocrypha, B, I., 6.
- ArakinARAKIN. See Talmud.
- Aram, Arameans, and the Aramaic LanguageARAM, ê´ram, ARAMEANS, ar´´ɑ-mî´ɑnz, AND THE ARAMAIC LANGUAGE.
- AratorARATOR, ɑ-rê´-tɵr : Christian poet of the middle of the sixth century. He was a Liguria
- Arcadius, FlaviusARCADIUS, ɑ̄r-kê´-di-Us, FLAVIUS: Eastern Roman emperor 383-408; b. in Spain, about 37
- Arcani DisciplinaARCANI DISCIPLINA (“Instruction in the [Sacred] Secret,” i.e., initiation into the mystery) :</s
- ArchbishopARCHBISHOP: A bishop in the Roman Catholic and some parts of the Anglican Church, who has not only the
- Archdall, MervynARCHDALL, MERVYN: Anglican bishop of Killaloe, Ireland; b. Feb. 18, 1833. He was educated at Trinity Co
- Archdeacon and ArchpriestARCHDEACON and ARCHPRIEST: Officials who are mentioned very early as heads of the lower or ministering
- ArchelausARCHELAUS, ɑ̄r´´ke-lê´us. See Herod and His Family.
- Archeology, BiblicalARCHEOLOGY, BIBLICAL:
- Archeology, ChristianARCHEOLOGY, CHRISTIAN: The science which investigates and exhibits the ecclesiastical and religious for
- Arches, Court ofARCHES, COURT OF: The court of appeal of the archbishop of Canterbury. Its name comes from the original
- ArchevitesARCHEVITES, ɑ̄r´ke-vɑits : The name of a people mentioned only in Ezra iv. 9, possibly
- ArchicapellanusARCHICAPELLANUS, ɑ̄r´´ki-ka-pel´lɑ̄-nUs (also called capellanus sacri palatii , and by Hincmar
- ArchiereusARCHIEREUS, ɑr´´ki-ār´e-Us : A common designation in the Greek Orthodox Church for the
- ArchimandriteARCHIMANDRITE, ɑ̄r´´ki-man´drɑit (Gk. archimandritēs , “ruler of the fold,” mandra , “f
- Architecture, EcclesiasticalGeneral Treatment.
- Architecture, HebrewARCHITECTURE, HEBREW: Before David and Solomon the Israelites had no architecture. The present village
- Archives, EcclesiasticalEurope.
- ArchonticiARCHONTICI (ɑ̄r-cen´ti-sɑi or -sî). See Gnosticism.
- ArchpresbyterARCHPRESBYTER. See Archdeacon.
- Arcimboldi, Giovanni AngeloARCIMBOLDI, ɑ̄r´´chîm-bol´dî, GIOVANNI ANGELO: Archbishop of Milan 1550-55; d. at Mil
- AreopagusAREOPAGUS (Gk. Areios Pagos, “Mars’s Hill”). See Greece, I.
- AretasARETAS, âr´e-tas (later Gk. form Arethas , on coins and inscriptions Charethath):</
- ArethasARETHAS: Archbishop of Cæsarea; b. at Patræ about 860. In the light of recent investigations and discov
- Aretius, BenedictusARETIUS, ɑ-rê´-shi-Us (Grecized from Marti ), BENEDICTUS: Scientist and theolo
- ArgentinaARGENTINA: A South American republic, bounded on the north by Bolivia and Paraguay, on the east by Para
- ArianismI. History
- Arias, BenedictusARIAS , ɑ̄´´ri´ɑs, BENEDICTUS (Called Montanus ) : Span
- AriboARIBO, ɑ̄´´rî´bō: Bishop of Freising 764-784. If, as is probable, he is the boy whose story he tells in
- AristeasARISTEAS, ar´´is-tî´ɑs: The name assumed by the author of a letter professing to give the history of th
- Aristides, MarcianusARISTIDES, ar´´is-tɑi´dîz, MARCIANUS: An Athenian philosopher, who, according to Euseb
- Aristo of PellaARISTO OF PELLA: Reputed author of a “Dialogue between Jason and Papiscus concerning Christ.” The work
- AristobulusARISTOBULUS, ar´´is-to-biū´lus: 1. The name of several notable persons in the last per
- AristotleARISTOTLE, ar´is-tɵt-l: Greek philosopher; b. at Stagira, in Thrace, 384 B.C.; d. at Chalcis, on the is
- AriusARIUS, ɑ-rɑi´us or ê´ri-us: One of the most famous of heretics; b. in Libya (according to others, in Al
- Ark of the CovenantDescription (§ 1).
- ArkitesARKITES, ɑ̄rk´ɑitz: A people mentioned in Gen. x. 17 and I Chron. i. 15 as descendants of Canaan. Since
- Arles, Archbishopric ofARLES, ɑ̄rl, ARCHBISHOPRIC OF: An ancient see in southern France (44 m. n.w. of Marsei
- Arles, Synods ofARLES, SYNODS OF: The first great western synod was held at Arles, in the presence of the emperor Const
- Armagh, Bishopric ofARMAGH, BISHOPRIC OF: An ancient episcopal see in Ireland, traditionally reputed to have been founded b
- ArmeniaHistory.
- Arminius, Jacobus, and ArminianismARMINIUS, JACOBUS ( Jakob Hermanss ), AND ARMINIANISM: A Dutch theologi
- Armitage, ThomasARMITAGE, THOMAS ; Baptist; b. at Pontefract (20 m. s.s.w. of York), Yorkshire, England, Aug. 2, 1819; d
- ArmyARMY. See War.
- Arnaud, HenriARNAUD, ɑ̄r´´nō´, HENRI: Waldensian; b. at Embrun (58 m. s.e. of Grenoble), Department
- ArnauldARNAULD: The name of a famous French family, known especially for their connection with Jansenism The w
- Arndt, AugustinARNDT, ɑ̄rnt, AUGUSTIN: German Jesuit; b. at Berlin June 22, 1851. He was educated at
- Arndt, JohannARNDT, ɑ̄rnt, JOHANN: German mystic; b. at Edderitz, near Ballenstedt (36 m. s.w. of M
- Arndt, Johann Friedrich WilhelmARNDT, JOHANN FRIEDRICH WILHELM : German Lutheran; b. at Berlin June 24, 1802; d. there May 8, 1881. He
- Arno of ReichersbergARNO OF REICHERSBERG: A younger brother of the more famous Gerhoh of Reichersberg; d. Jan. 30, 1175. Th
- Arno of SalzburgARNO OF SALZBURG: Archbishop of Salzburg 785–821. He seems to have been born in the diocese of Freising
- ArnobiusARNOBIUS, ar-nō´bi-us: A teacher of rhetoric at Sicca in proconsular Africa under Diocletian. At first
- Arnobius the YoungerARNOBIUS THE YOUNGER: Reputed author of certain writings, concerning which scholars are not agreed exce
- Arnold of BresciaLife to 1139 (§ 1)
- Arnold, Carl FranklinARNOLD, CARL FRANKLIN: German Lutheran; b. at Williamafield, O., Mar. 10, 1853. He was educated at the
- Arnold, GottfriedARNOLD, GOTTFRIED: Lutheran; b. at Annaberg (18 m. s. of Chemnitz), Saxony, Sept. 5, 1688; d. at Perleb
- Arnold, MatthewARNOLD, MATTHEW: Church of England; b. at Laleham, near Chertsey (32 m. w.s.w. of London), Dec. 24, 182
- Arnold, NikolausARNOLD, NIKOLAUS: Reformed theologian; b. at Lissa (55 m. n.n.w. of Breslau), Poland, Dec. 17, 1618; d.
- Arnold, ThomasARNOLD, THOMAS: Master of Rugby and “Broad Church” leader; b. at West Cowes, Isle of Wight, June 13, 17
- Arnoldi, BartholomæusARNOLDI ( ā r-nel´dî), BARTHOLOMÆUS (Bartholomew of Usingen): The teacher and l
- ArnoldistsARNOLDISTS. See Arnold of Brescia
- Arnot, WilliamARNOT, WILLIAM: Free Church, Scotland; b. at Scone, Perthshire, Nov. 6, 1808; d. in Edinburgh June 3, 1
- Arnulf of LisieuxARNULF OF LISIEUX: Bishop of Lisieux (90 m. w.n.w. of Paris) 1141–77 (or 81); d. in Paris Aug. 31, 1184
- Arnulf, Saint, of MetzARNULF, SAINT, OF METZ: Bishop of Metz; b. about 580; d. July 18 of an unknown year, according to Sigeb
- Arrowsmith, JohnARROWSMITH, JOHN: Puritan and Presbyterian; b. near Newcastle-on-Tyne Mar. 29, 1602; d. at Cambridge an
- ArseniusARSENIUS, ā r-sî´ni-us: 1. Egyptian monk; d., nearly or more than one hundred
- Art and the ChurchArt is the Early Church (§ 1).
- Art, HebrewART, HEBREW: The ancient Israelites accomplished practically nothing in the realm of art. They lacked t
- ArtaxerxesARTAXERXES, ār´´tax-erk´sîz: The name of a Persian king mentioned in Nehemiah and Ezra, where, however,
- Artemon or ArtemasARTEMON (ār´tî-men) or ARTEMAS: A heretic of the third century, founder of a small sec
- Arthur, WilliamARTHUR, WILLIAM: Methodist; b. at Kells (18 m. n.w. of Belfast), County Antrim, Ireland, Feb. 3, 1819;
- Articles, Irish, Lambeth, Thirty-nine, etc.ARTICLES, IRISH, LAMBETH, THIRTY-NINE, ETC. See Irish Articles, Lambeth Articles, Thirty-nine Articles,
- Arundel, ThomasARUNDEL, ar´Un-dl, THOMAS: Archbishop of Canterbury; b. at Arundel Castle (55 m. s.w.
- AsaASA, ê´sa: Third king of Judah, son and successor of Abijah. He is said to have reigned forty-one years
- AsaphASAPH. See Psalms.
- Asbury, FrancisASBURY, az´ber-i, FRANCIS: The first Methodist bishop ordained in America; b. at Hamst
- Ascension of PaulASCENSION OF PAUL. See Apocrypha, B, IV.
- Ascension, Feast of theASCENSION, FEAST OF THE: In Acts i, 3 the fortieth day after the resurrection is designated as that of
- AsceticismNew Testament Teaching (§ 1).
- Aschheim, Synod ofASCHHEIM, ash´ ha im, SYNOD OF: A synod held in a village of what is now Bavari
- Ash WednesdayASH WEDNESDAY (Lat. Dies cineris, feria quarta cinerum): The first day of Lent, the beginning of the fo
- AsherahASHERAH (pl. asherim ; in Judges iii, 7, II Chron. xix, 3, xxxiii, 3, asheroth ): The t
- AshimaASHIMA, a -sh a i´m a : A deity of the Hamathites, whose capital, originally call
- AshtorethThe Cult in Palestine and Syria (§ 1).
- Asia Minor in the Apostolic TimeThe Name.
- AsinariiASINARII , as-i-nê´rî- a i: Originally a nickname of the Jews, because they were said to worship
- AsmodeusASMODEUS, as´´mo-dî´Us (in the Talmud, Ashmedai ): An ” evil spirit,” first mentioned in the ap
- AsmoneansASMONEANS. See Hasmoneans.
- Aspersion with Holy WaterASPERSION WITH HOLY WATER: A rite of frequent use in the Roman Catholic Church. It has a place in the a
- AssASS: The wild ass (Heb. pere , poetic ‘arodh ; asinus onager or hemippus</
- Ass, Brothers of theASS, BROTHERS OF THE ( Ordo asinorum ). See Trinitarians.
- Ass, Feast of theASS, FEAST OF THE: A popular entertainment provided by the Church in the Middle Ages in several cities
- Asseburg, Rosamunde Juliane vonASSEBURG, ā s´se-bUrg, ROSAMUNDE JULIANE VON: Religious enthusiast; b. at Eige
- AssemaniASSEMANII, as-sê- ma ´nî (Italianized from the Arabic al-sama‘aniyy , “the Simeonite” ):
- Assembly, GeneralASSEMBLY, GENERAL: The highest court of the Presbyterian churches (see Presbyterians). The name is from
- AsserASSER: Bishop of Sherborne; d. 909 or 910. He was a Briton, a monk of Menevia (St. David’s), and relate
- AsshurASSHUR: 1. City of Assyria. See Assyria, IV, § 1. 2. Assyrian God. See Assyria, VII, §
- AsshurbanipalASSHURBANIPAL. See Assyria, VI, 3, § 14–15.
- Assistants in Public WorshipASSISTANTS IN PUBLIC WORSHIP: The historical functions of those whose place it is to assist the princip
- Assmann, Johann Baptist MariaASSMANN , ā s´m ā n, JOHANN BAPTIST MARIA:
- Associate Church of North AmericaASSOCIATE CHURCH OF NORTH AMERICA. See Presbyterians.
- Associate Reformed Synod of the SouthASSOCIATE REFORMED SYNOD OF THE SOUTH. See Presbyterians.
- Assumption, Feast of theASSUMPTION, FEAST OF THE: A festival of the Roman Catholic Church, commemorating the assumption, or cor
- Assumption,, Augustinians of theASSUMPTION, AUGUSTINIANS OF THE (known popularly as Assumptionists): A religious congregation of men, f
- AssuranceASSURANCE: The doctrine that those who are truly converted know beyond doubt that they are saved (cf. C
- AssyriaThe Name.
- AstarteASTARTE. See Ashtoreth.
- AsteriusASTERIUS, as-tî´re-Us: Name of twenty-five writers mentioned in Fabricius-Harles ( Bibliotheca Græca , ix, Hambur
- Astie, Jean FrédéricASTIE, ā s´´tî´, JEAN FRÉDÉRIC: Swiss Protestant; b. at Nérac (65 m. s.e. of B
- Astrology and AstronomyASTROLOGY AND ASTRONOMY. See Stars.
- Astruc, JeanASTRUC, ā s´´trüc´, JEAN: Roman Catholic; b. at Sauve (20 m. w.n.w. of Nîmes,
- Asylum, Right ofASYLUM, RIGHT OF: Among practically all nations is found an early belief that places dedicated to the s
- AtargatisATARGATIS, at- ā r-gê´tis: A word which does not occur in the canonical Scriptures; but in II Ma
- Athanasian CreedTitle not Justified.
- Athanasios PariosATH´´A-NA´SIOS PA-RI´OS: Dogmatician of the Greek Church; b. on the island of Paros 1725; d. at Chios J
- AthanasiusLife.
- AtheismATHEISM:
- AthenagorasATHENAGORAS , ath´´e-nag´o-ras: Reputed author of two Greek treatises of the time of the Antonines, one
- AthensATHENS. See Greece, I., § 2.
- AthosATH´OS: The easternmost of the three tongues of land projecting into the Ægean Sea from the Chalcidian
- Atkins, JamesATKINS, JAMES: Methodist Episcopalian; b. at Knoxville, Tenn., Apr. 18, 1850. He was educated at Emory
- Atmiya SabhaATMIYA SABHA. See India, III, 1.
- AtonementSignificance and History of the Doctrine.
- Atonement, Day ofATONEMENT, DAY OF:
- AtriumATRIUM: In the church architecture of the earlier centuries, an open space in front of the entrance to
- Atterbury, FrancisATTERBURY, FRANCIS: English Jacobite bishop; b. at Milton or Middleton Keynes (about 45 m. n.w. of Lond
- Atterbury, William WallaceATTERBURY, WILLIAM WALLACE: Presbyterian; b. at Newark, N. J., Aug. 4, 1823. He was educated at Yale Co
- AtticusAT´TICUS : Patriarch of Constantinople 406–425 (or 427). He was born at Sebaste in Armenia, repaired ear
- AttoATTO : The name of three churchmen.
- Attributes of GodATTRIBUTES OF GOD . See God, II, § 3.
- AttritionATTRITION . See Penance.
- Atwater, Lyman HotchkissATWATER, LYMAN HOTCHKISS: Presbyterian; b. at Hamden, Conn., Feb. 23, 1813; d. at Princeton, N. J., Feb
- Atwill, Edward RobertATWILL, EDWARD ROBERT : Protestant Episcopal bishop of Kansas City; b, at Red Hook, N. Y., Feb.18,1840.
- Atwood, Isaac MorganATWOOD, ISAAC MORGAN: Universalist; b. at Pembroke, N. Y., Mar. 24, 1838. He was educated at Yale, but
- Atzberger, LeonhardATZBERGER, LEONHARD: Roman Catholic; b. at Velden (a village near Vilsviburg, 42 m. n.e. of Munich) Jul
- Auberlen, Karl AugustAUBERLEN, ɑu´ber-len, KARL AUGUST: Theologian; b. at Fellbach, near Stuttgart, Nov. 19
- Aubertin, EdmeAUBERTIN, ō´´bär´´tan´, EDME: French Reformed clergyman; b. at Châlons-sur-Marne (90 m
- Aubigné, Jean Henri Merle D’AUBIGNÉ, JEAN HENRI MERLE D’. See Merle d’Aubigné.
- Aubigné, Théodore Agrippa D’AUBIGNÉ, ō´´bî´´nyê´, THEODORE AGRIPPA D : Huguenot soldier and writer; b. at St. Maur
- Auburn DeclarationAUBURN DECLARATION: An incident of the Old and New School controversy in the Presbyterian Church in 183
- Audentia EpiscopalisAUDIENTIA EPISCOPALIS: The name given by the code of Justinian to the bishop’s power of hearing and dec
- AudiansAUDIANS: The followers of a certain Audius, according to Epiphanius ( Hær. , lxx; followed by Au
- Audin, (Jean Marie) VincentAUDIN, ō´´dan´ (JEAN MARIE), VINCENT: French Roman Catholic; b. at Lyons 1793; d. at P
- Audrey, SaintAUDREY, SAINT. See Etheldreda, Saint.
- Aufklärung, TheAUFKLÄRUNG, THE. See Enlightenment, The.
- Augsburg Confession and its ApologyAUGSBURG CONFESSION AND ITS APOLOGY.
- Augsburg, Bishopric ofAUGSBURG, BISHOPRIC OF: The origin of the Augsburg bishopric is lost in obscurity, but there is no doub
- Augsburg, Interim ofAUGSBURG, INTERIM OF. See Interim.
- Augsburg, Religious Peace ofAUGSBURG, RELIGIOUS PEACE OF: A convention concluded in a diet at Augsburg Sept. 25, 1555, intended to
- Augusti, Johann Christian WilhelmAUGUSTI, au´´gūs´ti, JOHANN CHRISTIAN WILHELM: Theologian and archeologist: b. at Esch
- Augustina, SisterAUGUSTINA, SISTER. See Lasaulx, Amalie von
- Augustine of AlveldtAUGUSTINE OF ALVELDT: German Franciscan; b. at Alfeld (27 m. s. of Hanover), Prussia, c. 1480; d. proba
- Augustine, Saint, of CanterburyAUGUSTINE (AUSTIN), SAINT, OF CANTERBURY: The apostle to the English and first archbishop of Canterbury
- Augustine, Saint, of HippoLife.
- AugustiniansAUGUSTINIANS: The general name for a number of orders and congregations of both men and women living ac
- AurelianAURELIAN: Roman emperor 270-275. He was of humble origin but through his talents as a soldier rose to a
- Auricular ConfessionAURICULAR CONFESSION (From Lat. auricula, ” the external ear” ): Confession into the ear of a priest in
- Aurifaber, (Goldschmid), AndreasAURIFABER, a u-rî-f ā ´ber (GOLDSCHMID), ANDREAS: German physician and
- Aurifaber, Johannes, of BreslauAURIFABER, JOHANNES, OF BRESLAU ( Vratislaviensis ): German reformer and church administrator, y
- Aurifaber, Johannes, of WeimarAURIFABER, JOHANNES, OF WEIMAR ( Vinariensis ): German Lutheran divine, best known as a collecto
- Auso´nius, Decimus MagnusAUSO´NIUS, DECIMUS MAGNUS: Latin poet and rhetor; b. at Burdigalia (Bordeaux) about 310; d. there about
- AustinAUSTIN: A syncopated form of Augustine, used especially for St. Augustine of Canterbury (q.v.); also us
- Austin, JohnAUSTIN, JOHN: English Roman Catholic; b. at Walpole (65 m. n. of London), Norfolk, 1613; d. in London 1
- AustraliaHistory (§ 1).
- AustriaThe Roman Catholic, Greek, and Armenian Churches.
- Authority, EcclesiasticalAUTHORITY, ECCLESIASTICAL ( Potestas ecclesiastica ): The vested power of the Church over its me
- Authorized Version of the English BibleAUTHORIZED VERSION OF THE ENGLISH BIBLE. See Bible Versions, B, IV, 6.
- Auto da FéAUTO DA FÉ (Portuguese, ” Judgment [Judicial Decision] of the Faith,” from Latin, actus fidei): The pub
- Autpertus, AmbrosiusAUTPERTUS, AMBROSIUS: Abbot of St. Vincent at Benevento; d. probably in 781, though the date 778 has ge
- AutunAUTUN, ō´´tUn´: A town of France, department of Saône-et-Loire, 160 m. s.e. of Paris. It is the old Bib
- Auxerre, Synod ofAUXERRE, ō´´sār´, SYNOD OF: A diocesan synod held by Bishop Aunachar in the Burgundian
- AuxiliusAUXIL´IUS: German clerical author; d. after 911. He went to Rome in the pontificate of Formosus (891-89
- Avars, TheAVARS, THE: A tribe related to the Huns, who from the middle of the sixth century came into contact wit
- Ave MariaAVE MARIA. See Rosary.
- Ave Maria BrethrenAVE MARIA BRETHREN. See Servites.
- Avenarius, JohannesAVENARIUS, JOHANNES. See Habermann, Johann.
- Avenging of the SaviorAVENGING OF THE SAVIOR. See Apocrypha, B, I, 7.
- Avercius, (Avircius, Abercius), of HieropolisAVERCIUS, a-ver´shiUs (AVIRCIUS, ABERCIUS), OF HIEROPOLIS (in the Glaucus valley, not
- Aves, Henry DamerelAVES, HENRY DAMEREL: Protestant Episcopalian bishop of Mexico; b. in Huron Co., O., July 10, 1853. He w
- AvignonAVIGNON, ā ´´vî´´nyēn´: The capital of the department of Vaucluse, southern France, situated on
- Avila, Juan deAVILA, ā ´vî-l ā , JUAN DE: Ascetic writer, called the apostle of Anda
- Avitus, Alcimus EcdiciusAVITUS, a -v a i´tUs, ALCIMUS ECDICIUS: Bishop of Vienne; d. Feb. 5, 51
- Aviz, Order ofAVIZ, ā ´´vîz´, ORDER OF : An association of knights founded about 1145 by King
- AwakeningAWAKENING: A term which in recent times has occasionally been mentioned in Protestant dogmatics as a me
- Awakening, The GreatAWAKENING, THE GREAT. See Revivals of Religion.
- AxelAXEL. See Absalon.
- Ayer, Joseph Cullen, Jr.AYER, JOSEPH CULLEN, JR.: Protestant Episcopalian; b. at Newtonville, Mass., Jan. 7, 1866. He was educa
- Aylmer, JohnAYLMER, êl-mer (ELMER), JOHN: Bishop of London; b. at Aylmer Hall, parish of Tivetshal
- AzariahAZARIAH, az´´ a -r a i´ ā : King of Judah. See Uzziah. For the apocryphal ” Prayer
- AzazelAZAZEL a-zê´zel or a-z ā ´zel (Heb. ‘aza’zel ): The word translated ” scapegoat” in the
- AzymitesAZYMITES, a -zim´ a its (Gk. azymitai , from a -privative and zymē</