Skip to main content - Baader, Franz Xaver vonBAADER, bā´der, FRANZ XAVER VON: Roman Catholic philosopher; b. at Munich Mar. 27, 1765; d. there May 23, 1841.
- BaalVarious Forms of the Name (§ 1).
- BaalbekBAALBEK , bɑ̄l´´bek´: A city of Cœle-Syria, celebrated for its magnificence in the first centuries of the Christian…
- BaashaBAASHA, bê´a-sha: Third king of Israel, 952-930 B.C., according to the old chronology; 925-901, Duncker; 909-886…
- Baba; Baba Batra; Baba Kamma; Baba MeziaBABA; BABA BATRA; BABA KAMMA; BABA MEZIA. See Talmud.
- BabismAntecedents of Babiam (§ 1).
- BabyloniaThe Names. Importance of Babylonia.
- Babylonian ExileBABYLONIAN EXILE: 1. Of the Hebrews. See Israel. 2. Of the popes. See Avignon.
- BaccanaristsBACCANARISTS. See Paccanari, Nicolo.
- Bach, Johann SebastianBACH, bɑ̄H, JOHANN SEBASTIAN: Musician; b. at Eisenach Mar. 21, 1685; d. at Leipsic July 28, 1750.
- Bach, JosephBACH, JOSEPH: Roman Catholic; b. at Aislingen (22 m. n.w. of Augsburg), Bavaria, May 4, 1833; d. at Munich Sept. 22…
- Bacher, WilhelmBACHER, ba H´er, WILHELM: Hungarian Jewish Orientalist; b. at Liptó-Szent-Mikós (65 m. s.w. of Cracow), Hungary, Jan…
- BachiariusBACHIARIUS, bak-i-ɑ̄´ri-us: An author, presumably a monk (cf. Gennadius of Marseilles, Script. eccl.
- Bachmann, Johannes Franz JuliusBACHMANN, JOHANNES FRANZ JULIUS: Lutheran; b. at Berlin Feb. 24, 1832; d. at Rostock Apr. 12, 1888.
- Bachmann, PhilippBACHMANN, bɑ̄h´mɑ̄n (GEORG), PHILIPP: German Protestant; b. at Geislingen (34 m. s.e. of Stuttgart) Oct. 13, 1864.
- Bacilieri, BartolomeoBACILIERI, bɑ̄´´chî-lî-ê´rî, BARTOLOMEO: Cardinal-priest; b. at Breonio (near Verona), Italy, Mar. 28, 1842.
- Bacon, Benjamin WisnerBACON, BENJAMIN WISNER: Congregationalist; b. at Litchfield, Conn., Jan. 15, 1860.
- Bacon, FrancisEnglish philosopher and statesman; b. in London Jan. 22, 1561, son of Sir Nicholas Bacon (b. 1509; d.
- Bacon, LeonardBACON, LEONARD: Congregationalist; b. in Detroit, Mich., Feb. 19, 1802; d. in New Haven, Conn., Dec. 24, 1881.
- Bacon, Leonard WoolseyBACON, LEONARD WOOLSEY : Congregationalist; b. at New Haven, Conn., Jan. 1, 1830; d. at Assonet, Mass., May 12, 1907.
- Bacon, RogerBACON (BACO), ROGER: The famous Franciscan theologian, called doctor mirabilis ; b. at or near Ilchester (31 m. s. of…
- BadenBADEN , bɑ̄´den: A grand duchy in the south-western part of the German Empire, bounded on the north by Hesse and…
- Baden (Im Aargau), Conference ofBADEN (IM AARGAU), CONFERENCE OF: An early attempt to check the Reformation in Switzerland. It met at Baden in Aargau…
- Baden (In Baden), Conference ofBADEN (IN BADEN), CONFERENCE OF , 1589. See Pistorius.
- Bader, JohannBADER, bɑ̄´der, JOHANN: Leader of the Reformation at Landau in the Palatinate (18 m. n.w. of Carlsruhe); b., probably…
- Baentsch, Bruno Johannes LeopoldBAENTSCH, bêntsh, BRUNO JOHANNES LEOPOLD: German Lutheran; b. at Halle Mar. 25, 1859.
- Baerwinkkel, Friedrich Wilhelm RichardBAERWINKKEL, FRIEDRICH WILHELM RICHARD: German Lutheran; b. at Dallmin (a village near Perleberg, 77 m. n.w. of Berlin)…
- Baethgen, Friedrich Wilhelm AdolfBAETHGEN, bêth´gen, FRIEDRICH WILHELM ADOLF: Protestant theologian; b. at Lachem (a village near Hameln, 25 m. s.w. of…
- Bagshawe, Edward GilpinBAGSHAWE, EDWARD GILPIN: Roman Catholic titular archbishop of Seleucia Trachea; b: at London Jan. 12, 1829.
- Bahrdt, Karl FriedrichBAHRDT, bɑ̄rt, KARL FRIEDRICH: A caricature of the vulgar rationalism of the eighteenth century; born at Bischofswerda…
- Baier, Johann WilhelmBaier, Johann Wilhelm
- Baier, Johann WilhelmBAIER, bɑi´er, JOHANN WILHELM: Lutheran theologian of the seventeenth century; born at Nuremberg November 11, 1647…
- Baier, JohannesBAIER, JOHANNES: German Roman Catholic; b. at Hetzles (a suburb of Erlangen) Oct. 16, 1852.
- Bailey, HenryBAILEY, HENRY: Church of England, canon of St. Augustine’s, Canterbury; b. at North Leverton (13 m. n.w. of Lincoln)…
- Baillet, AdrienBAILLET, bɑ̄´´yê´, ADRIEN: Roman Catholic; b. at Neuville, near Beauvais (54 m. n.n.w. of Paris), June 13, 1649; d. in…
- Baillie, RobertBAILLIE, ROBERT: Presbyterian; b. at Glasgow 1599; d. there July, 1662.
- Baird LecturesBAIRD LECTURES: : A lectureship on a foundation established by Mr. James Baird (d.
- Baird, Charles WashingtonBAIRD, CHARLES WASHINGTON: Presbyterian; b. at Princeton, N. J., Aug. 28, 1828, son of Robert Baird; d. at Rye, N. Y…
- Baird, Henry MartynBAIRD, HENRY MARTYN: Presbyterian, author of the authoritative history of the Huguenots; b. at Philadelphia, Pa…
- Baird, RobertBAIRD, ROBERT: Presbyterian; b. near Uniontown, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, Oct. 6, 1796; d. at Yonkers, N. Y., Mar…
- Bajus, MichaelBAJUS, bɑ̄´´yus, MICHAEL (MICHEL DE BAY ) Theologian of Louvain; b. at Melin (arrondissement of Ath , 14 m. n.w. of…
- Baker, DanielBAKER, DANIEL: Presbyterian; b. at Midway, Liberty County, Ga., Aug. 17, 1791; d. at Austin, Texas, Dec. 10, 1857. He…
- Baker, Sir Henry WilliamsBAKER, SIR HENRY WILLIAMS: Hymnologist; b. in London May 27, 1821; d. at Monkland, near Leominster, Herefordshire, Feb…
- BalaamBALAAM, bê´lam: A non-Israelitic prophet or soothsayer, son of Beor, from Pethor (Assyrian Pitru, cf. E. Schrader, KAT…
- Balan, PietroBALAN, bɑ̄´lɑn, PIETRO: Roman Catholic church historian; b. at Este (17 m. s.s.w. of Padua), Italy, Sept. 3, 1840.
- BaldachinBALDACHIN: A canopy-like ornament in stone or bronze over the altar in some Roman Catholic churches, designed…
- Balde, JakobBALDE, bɑ̄l´dɑ, JAKOB: German Jesuit, distinguished as a scholar, poet, and preacher; b. at Ensisheim (55 m. s.s.w. of…
- Baldensperger, WilhelmBALDENSPERGER, WILHELM: German Protestant; b. at Mülhausen (63 m. s.s.w. of Strasburg), Alsace, Dec. 12, 1856.
- BaldwinBALDWIN: Archbishop of Canterbury; d. at Acre Nov. 19, 1190. He was born at Exeter in humble circumstances, but…
- Bale, JohnBALE, JOHN: English polemical writer of the Reformation period; b. at Cove, near Dunwich, Suffolk (25 m. n.e. of…
- Ball, JohnBALL, JOHN: Puritan and Presbyterian; b. at Cassington (5 m. n.w. of Oxford) Oct. 1585; d. at Whitmore (4 m. s.w.
- Ballanche, Pierre SimonBALLANCHE, bɑ̄´´lɑ̄nch´, PIERRE SIMON: French theocratic philosopher of the Restoration, an intimate member of the…
- Ballantine, William GayBALLANTINE, bal´ɑn-tɑin, WILLIAM GAY: Congregationalist; b. at Washington, D. C., Dec. 7, 1848. He was graduated at…
- Ballard, AddisonBALLARD, ADDISON: Congregationalist; b. at Framingham, Mass., Oct. 18, 1822.
- Balle, Nicolai EdingerBALLE, bɑ̄l´le, NICOLAI EDINGER: Bishop of Zealand; b. at Vestenskov, near Nakskov (on the w. coast of the island of…
- Ballerini, Pietro and GirolamoBALLERINI, bɑ̄l´´la-rî´nî, PIETRO and GIROLAMO: Brothers, of Verona, distinguished by their joint labors in church…
- Ballou, HoseaBALLOU, bɑ-lū´, HOSEA: American Universalist; b. at Richmond, N. H., Apr. 30, 1771; d. at Boston June 7, 1852.
- Ballou, Hosea, 2dBALLOU, HOSEA, 2d: American Universalist, grand-nephew of Hosea Ballou; b. at Guilford, Vt., Oct. 18, 1796; d. at…
- BalmBALM: The rendering in both English versions of the Hebrew ẓori (Gen. xxxvii, 25 and xliii, 11, where R. V. has…
- Balmes, JaimeBALMES, bɑ̄l´´mês´, JAIME (LUCIANO ). Spanish politico-religious writer; b. at Vich (37 m. n.n.e. of Barcelona)…
- Balogh, FerenczBALOGH, FERENCZ: Hungarian Reformed; b. at Nagy Várad (140 m. s.e. of Budapest) Mar. 28, 1836.
- BalsamBALSAM. See Balm.
- Balsamon, TheodorosBALSAMON, bɑ̄l´sa-mɵn, THEODOROS: Greek writer on church law; b. in Constantinople; d. there about 1200.
- Balthazar of Dernbach and the Counterreformation In FuldaBALTHAZAR, bal´thɑ-zɑr, OF DERNBACH AND THE COUNTERREFORMATION IN FULDA: Balthazar of Dernbach, abbot of Fulda…
- Baltimore CouncilsBALTIMORE COUNCILS: A name given to ten assemblies of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States held during the…
- Baltus, Jean FrancoisBALTUS, bɑ̄l´´tüs´, JEAN FRANÇOIS: French Jesuit; b. at Metz June 8, 1667; d. at Reims, as librarian of the college…
- Baltzer, Johann BaptistaBALTZER, JOHANN BAPTISTA . See Hermes, Georg.
- Baluze, EtienneBALUZE, bɑ̄l´´lüz´, ÉTIENNE: Roman Catholic canonist and historian; b. at Tuile ( Tutela Lemovicum , 45 m. s.s.e. of…
- Bamberg, Bishopric ofBAMBERG, BISHOPRIC OF: A see founded in 1007 by King Henry II in the city ( civitas Papinberc ) which Otho II had given…
- Bampton LecturesBAMPTON LECTURES: A series of eight lectures or sermons instituted at the University of Oxford by the Rev.
- BanBAN: In the civil law of the old German Empire, a declaration of outlawry; in the twelfth century adopted by the church…
- Bancroft, RichardBANCROFT, RICHARD: Archbishop of Canterbury; b. at Farnworth, Lancashire, 1544; d. in Lambeth Palace, London, Nov. 2…
- Banes, DomingoBANES, bɑ̄´´nês´, DOMINGO: Spanish theologian; b. either at Mondragon (65 m. s.e. of Bayonne, France), Biscaya, or at…
- Bangorian ControversyBANGORIAN CONTROVERSY. See Hoadley, Benjamin.
- Banks, John ShawBANKS, JOHN SHAW: English Wesleyan; b. at Sheffield Oct. 8, 1835.
- Banks, Louis AlbertBANKS, LOUIS ALBERT: Methodist Episcopalian; b. at Cornwallis, Ore., Nov. 12, 1855.
- BannsBANNS: A public announcement of an intended marriage, made in church during service. The word is a plural of ban…
- BaptismBiblical Doctrine.
- Baptism By HereticsBAPTISM BY HERETICS. See Heretic Baptism.
- Baptism For the DeadBAPTISM FOR THE DEAD: A custom mentioned by Paul in I Cor. xv, 29.
- Baptism With the Holy Ghost and With FireBAPTISM WITH THE HOLY GHOST AND WITH FIRE: A figurative expression used by John the Baptist (Matt.
- Baptismal RegenerationBAPTISMAL REGENERATION. See Regeneration.
- BaptisteryA building or a portion of a church used for administering baptism.
- BaptistinesBAPTISTINES (BATTISTINI, BATTISTINE): A religious order for both sexes, named after its patron saint, John the Baptist.
- Bar CochbaBAR COCHBA. See Bar Kokba.
- Bar HebraeusBAR HEBRÆUS. See Abulfaraj.
- Bar KokbaBAR KOK´BA: The name traditionally assigned to the leader of the great insurrection of the Jews in Palestine against…
- Baradai, JacobBARADAI, JACOB (JACOBUS BARADÆUS) . See Jacobites.
- BaraitaBARAITA. See Talmud.
- Barbara, SaintBARBARA, SAINT: A saint whose career belongs to the domain of legend; her name is not found in the Martyrologium…
- Barbauld, Anna LetitiaBARBAULD, ANNA LETITIA: Poetess; b. at Kibworth (10 m. s.e. of Leicester), Leicestershire, June 20, 1743; d. at Stoke…
- Barber, Henry HerveyBARBER, HENRY HERVEY: Unitarian; b. at Warwick, Mass., Dec. 30, 1835. He was educated at Deerfield (Mass.) Academy and…
- Barber, William Theodore AquilaBARBER, WILLIAM THEODORE AQUILA : Wesleyan; b. at. Jaffna (190 m. n. of Colombo), Ceylon, Jan. 4, 1858.
- Barbeyrac, JeanBARBEYRAC, bɑ̄r´´bê´´rɑ̄c´, JEAN : French writer on law; b. at Béziers (44 m. s.w. of Montpellier), Languedoc, Mar. 15…
- Barckhausen-Volkmann ControversyBARCKHAUSEN-VOLKMANN CONTROVERSY: A discussion of the question of predestination and grace which was carried on with…
- Barclay, AlexanderBARCLAY, ALEXANDER : English scholar of the Renaissance period; b. probably in Scotland about 1475; d. at Croydon (9 m…
- Barclay, JohnBARCLAY, JOHN: Minister of the Church of Scotland and founder of the Barclayites or Berœans; b. at Muthill (35 m. n.w…
- Barclay, JosephBARCLAY, JOSEPH: Third Anglican-German Bishop of Jerusalem; b. near Strabane (15 m. s. by w. of Londonderry), County…
- Barclay, RobertBARCLAY, ROBERT: Scotch Quaker; b. at Gordonstown (28 m. n.w. of Aberdeen) Dec. 23, 1648; d. at Ury (14 m. s.w. of…
- Bardenhewer, Bertram OttoBARDENHEWER, BERTRAM OTTO : German Roman Catholic; b. at München-Gladbach (16 m. w. of Düsseldorf) Mar. 16, 1851.
- BardesanesBARDESANES , ɑ̄r´´de-sê´nîz ( BAR-DAISAN ) : Gnostic; b. of Persian parents (Nuhama and Nasiram; cf. Chron. Edess…
- Barefooted Monks and NunsBAREFOOTED MONKS AND NUNS: The popular name for members of various religious orders who go without any foot-covering…
- Barham, Richard HarrisBARHAM, RICHARD HARRIS: Church of England; b. at Canterbury Dec. 6, 1788; d. in London June 17, 1845.
- Baring-Gould, SabineBARING-GOULD, SABINE: Church of England; b. at Exeter Jan. 28, 1834.
- BarlaamBARLAAM See Hesychasts.
- Barlaam and JosaphatBARLAAM AND JOSAPHAT (or JOASAPH ) : The abbreviated title of a Greek religious romance commonly ascribed, without…
- BarlettaBARLETTA: More correctly Gabriel of Barletta (on the e. coast of Italy, 33 m. w.n.w. of Bari), a Dominican of the…
- BarnabasBARNABAS: The companion of the Apostle Paul, himself called an apostle in Acts xiv, 4, 14.
- BarnabitesBARNABITES ( Clerici regulares S. Barnabæ ): A congregation of regular clerics founded in the city and diocese of Milan…
- Barnard, JohnBARNARD, JOHN: Congregational minister; b. at Boston Nov. 6, 1681; d. at Marblehead Jan. 24, 1770.
- Barnes, AlbertBARNES, ALBERT: Presbyterian; b. at Rome, N. Y., Dec. 1, 1798; d. at West Philadelphia Dec. 24, 1870. He was graduated…
- Barnes, Arthur StapyltonBARNES, ARTHUR STAPYLTON : Roman Catholic; b. at Kussouli (20 m. s.w. of Simla), India, May 31, 1861.
- Barnes, RobertBARNES, ROBERT : Church of England; b. at or near Lynn (26 m. n.e. of Ely), Norfolk, 1540; d. at the stake as a…
- Barnes, William EmeryBARNES, WILLIAM EMERY: Church of England; b. at London May 26, 1859.
- Barnett, Samuel AugustusBARNETT, SAMUEL AUGUSTUS: Church of England; b. at Bristol Feb. 8, 1844.
- Barnum, Henry SamuelBARNUM, HENRY SAMUEL: Presbyterian; b. at Stratford, Conn., Aug. 13, 1837.
- Baro, PeterBARO (BARON), PETER: Anti-Calvinist; b. at Étampes (35 m. s.s.w. of Paris) Dec., 1534; d. in London Apr. 17, 1599.
- Baronius, CaesarBARO´NIUS, CÆSAR ( Cesare de Barono ) :
- Barrett, Benejamin FiskBARRETT, BENJAMIN FISK: Swedenborgian; b. at Dresden, Me., June 24, 1808; d. at Germantown, Penn., Aug. 6, 1892.
- Barriere, Jean de laBARRIERE, JEAN DE LA. See Feuillants.
- Barrow (Barrowe), HenryBARROW (BARROWE), HENRY: English Separatist; hanged at Tyburn, London, Apr. 6, 1593.
- Barrow, IsaacBARROW, ISAAC: Church of England; b. in London Oct., 1630; d. there May 4. 1677.
- Barrows, John HenryBARROWS, JOHN HENRY: Congregationalist; b. at Medina, Mich., July 11, 1847; d. at Oberlin, Ohio, June 3, 1902.
- Barrows, Samuel JuneBARROWS, SAMUEL JUNE: Unitarian; b. in New York City May 26, 1845.
- Barruel, AugustinBARRUEL, AUGUSTIN: French politico-religious writer; b. at Villeneuve-de-Berg (95 m. n.w. of Marseilles), Ardèche, Oct…
- Barry, AlfredBARRY, ALFRED: Church of England, suffragan bishop in West London; b. at London Jan. 15, 1826.
- Barry, William FrancisBARRY, WILLIAM FRANCIS: English Roman Catholic; b. at London Apr. 21, 1849. He was educated at St.
- BarsumasBARSU´MAS: 1. Archimandrite or abbot of a Syrian monastery, adherent of Eutyches and his doctrine.
- Barth, Christian GottliebBARTH, bɑ̄rt, CHRISTIAN GOTTLIEB: Pastor and friend of missions; b. in Stuttgart July 13, 1799; d. at Calw (20 m. w. of…
- Barth, JacobBARTH, JACOB: Judeo-German Semitic scholar; b. at Flehingen (a village of Baden) Mar. 3, 1851.
- Barth, Marie Étienne AugusteBARTH, MARIE ÉTIENNE AUGUSTE: French Lutheran; b. at Strasburg Mar. 22, 1834.
- BartholomewBARTHOLOMEW (Gk. Bartholomaios , Aram. Bar-Talmai , “Son of Talmai"): One of the twelve Apostles, mentioned in Matt.
- Bartholomew of BragaBARTHOLOMEW OF BRAGA (known also as Bartholomæus de Martyribus from the church in Lisbon in which he was baptized)…
- Bartholomew of BresciaBARTHOLOMEW OF BRESCIA: A canonist of the thirteenth century. Little is known with any certainty of his life.
- Bartholomew’s Day, The Massacre of SaintBARTHOLOMEW’S DAY, THE MASSACRE OF SAINT. See Coligny.
- BartholomitesBARTHOLOMITES: 1. A society founded at Genoa in 1307 by certain Armenian Basilian monks who had fled thither from…
- Bartlet, James VernonBARTLET, JAMES VERNON: English Congregationalist; b. at Scarborough (37 m. n.e. of York), Yorkshire, Aug. 15, 1863.
- Bartlett, Samuel ColcordBARTLETT, SAMUEL COLCORD: Congregationalist; b. at Salisbury, N. H., Nov. 25, 1817; d. in Hanover, N. H., Nov. 16, 1898.
- Bartol, Cyrus AugustusBARTOL, CYRUS AUGUSTUS: Unitarian; b. at Freeport, Me., April 30, 1813; d. in Boston Dec. 16, 1900.
- Bartoli, DanielloBARTOLI, bɑ̄r´´tō-lî´, DANIELLO: Italian Jesuit; b. at Ferrara Feb. 12, 1608; d. at Rome Jan. 13, 1685.
- Barton, ElizabethBARTON, ELIZABETH: English impostor of the reign of Henry VIII; b., according to her own statement, in 1506; beheaded…
- Barton, George AaronBARTON, GEORGE AARON: Friend; b. at East Farnham, Canada, Nov. 12, 1859.
- Barton, William EleazarBARTON, WILLIAM ELEAZAR: Congregationalist; b. at Sublette, Ill., June 28, 1861.
- Baruch, Apocalypse ofBARUCH, APOCALYPSE OF. See Pseudepigrapha, Old Testament, II, 10-11. Book of. See Apocrypha, A, IV, 5.
- Bascom, Henry BidlemanBASCOM, HENRY BIDLEMAN: Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South; b. at Hancock, Delaware County, New York, May…
- Bascom, JohnBASCOM, JOHN: Congregationalist; b. at Genoa, N. Y., May 1, 1827. He was educated at Williams College (BA., 1849) and…
- Basedow, Johann BernhardBASEDOW, bɑ̄´ze-dō´´ ( BASSEDAU ), JOHANN BERNHARD: German rationalist and innovator in educational methods; b. at…
- Basel, Bishopric ofBA´SEL, BISHOPRIC OF: The origin of this diocese probably goes back into the Roman period.
- Basel, Confession ofBASEL, CONFESSION OF: A confession of faith submitted to the citizens of Basel for their acceptance on Jan. 21, 1534.
- Basel, Council ofBASEL, COUNCIL OF:
- BashanBASHAN, bê´shan: The northeastern part of trans-Jordanic Palestine.
- Bashford, James WhitfordBASHFORD, JAMES WHITFORD: Methodist Episcopal bishop; b. at Fayette, Wis., May 25, 1849.
- Basil of AchridaBASIL OF ACHRIDA: Archbishop of Thessalonica. He came from Achrida (on the n.e. shore of the modern Lake Ochrida, 100…
- Basil of AncyraBASIL (BASILAS) OF ANCYRA: A physician, born at Ancyra, and bishop there from 336, succeeding Marcellus (q.v.).
- Basil of SeleuciaBASIL OF SELEUCIA: Bishop of Seleucia in Isauria. He was against Eutyches at the Synod of Constantinople in 448, but…
- Basil, Saint, The GreatBASIL, SAINT, THE GREAT:
- BasiliansBASILIANS: Monks or nuns following the rule of St. Basil, who introduced the cenobitic life into Asia Minor, and is…
- BasilicaBASILICA: 1. Legal codes. Since the great codification of the Roman law by Justinian, the Corpus juris civilis, was…
- Basilides and the BasilidiansBasilides, a famous Gnostic, was a pupil of an alleged interpreter of St.
- BasnageBASNAGE, bɑ̄´´nɑzh´: The name of a family of Normandy which has produced several men prominent in the history of French…
- Bassermann, Heinrich GustavBASSERMANN, HEINRICH GUSTAV: German Lutheran; b. at Frankfort-on-the-Main July 12, 1849.
- Bastholm, ChristianBASTHOLM, CHRISTIAN: Danish court preacher, and an influential representative of the prevalent rationalism of his time…
- Bates, WilliamBATES, WILLIAM: English Presbyterian; b. at London Nov., 1625; d. at Hackney July 14, 1699. He was graduated at…
- Bath KolBATH KOL: Literally "daughter of the voice," an expression which signifies in itself nothing more than a call or echo…
- BathingBATHING: The bath in the East, because of the heat and the dust, is constantly necessary for the preservation of…
- Batiffol, Pierre HenriBATIFFOL, PIERRE HENRI: French Roman Catholic; b. at Toulouse Jan. 27, 1861. He was educated at the Seminary of St.
- Batten, Loring WoartBATTEN, LORING WOART: Protestant Episcopalian; b. in Gloucester County N. J., Nov. 12, 1859.
- Batterson, Hermon GriswoldBATTERSON, HERMON GRISWOLD: Protestant Episcopalian; b. at Marbledale, Conn., May 27, 1827; d. in New York City Mar. 9…
- Baudissin, Wolf Wilhelm, Graf vonBAUDISSIN, WOLF WILHELM, GRAF VON: German Protestant; b. at Sophienhof, near Kiel, Germany, Sept. 26, 1847.
- Bauer, BrunoBAU´ER, BRUNO: A modern Biblical critic, of the most extreme radicalism; b. at Eisenberg (35 m. s. of Halle), in the…
- Bauer, Walter FelixBAUER, WALTER FELIX: German Protestant; b. at Königsberg Aug. 8, 1877.
- Baum, Henry MasonBAUM, baum, HENRY MASON: Protestant Episcopalian; b. at East Schuyler, N. Y., Feb. 24, 1848. He was educated at the…
- Baum, Johann WilhelmBAUM, JOHANN WILHELM: Protestant German theologian; b. at Flonheim (17 m. s.s.w. of Mainz) Dec. 7, 1809; d. at…
- Baumgarten-Crusius, Ludwig Friedrich OttoBAUMGARTEN-CRUSIUS, LUDWIG FRIEDRICH OTTO: German theologian; b. at Merseburg (56 m. s.s.e. of Magdeburg), Prussian…
- Baumgarten, MichaelBAUMGARTEN, MICHAEL: German theologian and active promoter of free church life; b. at Haseldorf, near Hamburg, Mar. 25…
- Baumgarten, OttoBAUMGARTEN, OTTO: German Protestant; b. at Munich Jan. 29, 1858.
- Baumgarten, Siegmund JakobBAUMGARTEN, SIEGMUND JAKOB: German theologian; b. at Wollmirstädt (8 m. n. of Magdeburg), Saxony, Mar. 14, 1706; d. at…
- Baur, Ferdinand Christian, and the Later Tübingen SchoolThe Period of the History of Dogma.
- Baur, Gustav Adolf LudwigBAUR, GUSTAV ADOLF LUDWIG: Lutheran; b. at Hammelbach (17 m. n.e. of Heidelberg), in the Odenwald, June 14, 1816; d. at…
- Bauslin, David HenryBAUSLIN, DAVID HENRY: Lutheran; b. at Winchester, Va., Jan. 21, 1854.
- Bausman, BenjaminBAUSMAN, BENJAMIN: Reformed (German); b. at Lancaster, Pa., Jan. 28, 1824.
- Bausset, Louis Francois deBAUSSET, bō´´sê´, LOUIS FRANÇOIS DE: Cardinal; b. at Pondicherry Dec. 14, 1748; d. at Paris June 21, 1824. He studied…
- Bautain, Louis Eugène MarieBAUTAIN, bō´´tan´, LOUIS EUGÈNE MARIE: French philosopher; b. at Paris Feb. 17, 1796; d. at Viroflay, near Versailles…
- Bautz, JosefBAUTZ, JOSEF: Roman Catholic; b. at Keeken (near Cleves) Nov. 11, 1843.
- BavariaBAVARIA: A kingdom in the southern part of the German Empire, and, next to Prussia, the largest of the states of the…
- Bavarians, Conversion of theThe origin of the race later known as the Bavarians is uncertain. The older hypothesis that they came of Celtic stock…
- Bavinck, HermanBAVINCK, HERMAN: Dutch Reformed; b. at Hoogeveen (35 m. s. of Groningen), Holland, Dec. 13, 1854.
- Baxter, RichardBAXTER, RICHARD: One of the greatest of English theologians; b. at Rowton (42 m. n.e. of Shrewsbury), Shropshire, Nov…
- Bay Psalm BookBAY PSALM BOOK: A metrical translation of the Psalms, published by Stephen Daye at Cambridge, Mass., in 1640 and the…
- Bayle, PierreBAYLE, bêl, PIERRE: French Protestant; b. at Carla (11 m. w. of Pamiers), department of Ariège, Nov. 18, 1647; d. at…
- Bayley, James RooseveltBAYLEY, JAMES ROOSEVELT: Roman Catholic archbishop of Baltimore; b. at Rye, N. Y., Aug. 23, 1814; d. in Newark, N. J…
- Bayly, LewisBAYLY, LEWIS: Anglican bishop; b. perhaps at Carmarthen, Wales, perhaps at Lamington (6 m. s.w.
- BdelliumBDELLIUM, del´i-Um (Hebr. bedholaḥ ): One of the products of the land of Havilah, mentioned with gold and the shoham…
- Beach, Harlan PageBEACH, HARLAN PAGE: Congregationalist; b. at South Orange, N. J., Apr. 4, 1854.
- Beard, CharlesBEARD, CHARLES: English Unitarian; b. at Higher Broughton, Manchester, July 27, 1827, son of John Relly Beard, also a…
- Beard, RichardBEARD, RICHARD: Cumberland Presbyterian; b. in Sumner County, Tenn., Nov. 27, 1799; d. at Lebanon, Tenn., Nov. 6, 1880.
- Beardslee, Clark SmithBEARDSLEE, CLARK SMITH: Congregationalist; b. at Coventry, N. Y., Feb. 1, 1850.
- Beatific VisionBEATIFIC VISION: The direct and unhindered vision of God, which is part of the reserved blessedness of the redeemed (I…
- BeatificationBEATIFICATION: An intermediate stage in the process of canonization.
- Beaton (Bethune), DavidBEATON, bî´ten (BETHUNE), be-thūn´ or be-tün´, DAVID: Cardinal-archbishop of St. Andrews; b. 1494; assassinated at St…
- Beattie, Francis RobertBEATTIE, FRANCIS ROBERT: Presbyterian; b. at Guelph, Ont., Mar. 31, 1848; d. at Louisville, Ky., Sept. 4, 1906.
- Beattie, JamesBEATTIE, JAMES: Scotch poet; b. at Laurencekirk (70 m. n.n.e. of Edinburgh), Kincardineshire, Oct. 25, 1735; d. at…
- Beausobre, Isaac deBEAUSOBRE, bō´´sō´br, ISAAC DE: One of the most distinguished preachers of the French Protestant Church; b. at Niort…
- Bebb, Llewellyn John MontfortBEBB, LLEWELLYN JOHN MONTFORT: Church of England; b. at Cape Town Feb. 16, 1862.
- Bebenburg, Lupold VonBEBENBURG, LUPOLD VON: Bishop of Bamberg, best known for his writings on ecclesiastico-political subjects; d. 1363.
- Bec, Abbey ofBEC, ABBEY OF: Benedictine abbey of Normandy, situated at the present village of Le BecHellouin (7 m. s.w. of Rouen).
- Becan, MartinBECAN (VERBEECK, VAN DER BEECK), MARTIN: Jesuit; b. at Hilvarenbeeck (35 m. n.e. of Antwerp), in Brabant, Jan. 6, 1563…
- Beck, Johann TobiasBECK, JOHANN TOBIAS: German theologian; b. at Balingen (40 m. s.s.w. of Stuttgart), Württemberg, Feb. 22, 1804; d. at…
- Becket, ThomasBECKET, THOMAS (commonly called Thomas à Becket ): Archbishop of Canterbury 1162–70, the most determined English…
- Beckwith, Charles MinnigerodeBECKWITH, CHARLES MINNIGERODE: Protestant Episcopal bishop of Alabama; b. in Prince George Co., Va., June 3, 1851.
- Beckwith, Clarence AugustineBECKWITH, CLARENCE AUGUSTINE: Congregationalist; b. at Charlemont, Mass., July 21, 1849. He studied at Olivet College…
- Beckx, Pierre JeanBECKX, PIERRE JEAN: General of the Jesuits; b. at Sichem (33 m. s.e. of Antwerp) Feb. 8, 1795; d. at Rome Mar. 4, 1887.
- BedeBEDE or BÆDA (called "the Venerable"): The first great English scholar; b. in Northumbria (according to tradition, at…
- Bedell, WilliamBEDELL, WILLIAM: Irish bishop; b. at Black Notley, near Braintree (50 m. n.e. of London), Essex, England, on or near…
- Beecher, CharlesBEECHER, CHARLES: Congregationalist, fifth son of Lyman Beecher; b. at Litchfield, Conn., Oct. 7, 1815; d. at…
- Beecher, EdwardBEECHER, EDWARD: Congregationalist, second son of Lyman Beecher; b. at East Hampton, L. I., Aug. 27, 1803; d. in…
- Beecher, Henry WardBEECHER, HENRY WARD: Congregationalist, fourth son of Lyman Beecher; b. at Litchfield, Conn., June 24, 1813; d. in…
- Beecher, LymanBEECHER, LYMAN: Presbyterian; b. at New Haven, Conn., Oct. 12, 1775; d. at Brooklyn Jan. 10, 1863.
- Beecher, Thomas KinnicuttBEECHER, THOMAS KINNICUTT: Congregationalist, sixth son of Lyman Beecher; b. at Litchfield, Conn., Feb. 10, 1824; d. at…
- Beecher, Willis JudsonBEECHER, WILLIS JUDSON: Presbyterian; b. at Hampden, O., Apr. 29, 1838.
- BeelzebubBEELZEBUB, be-el´ze-bUb (properly, in all the New Testament passages—Matt. x.
- Beer, GeorgBEER, bêr, GEORG: German Lutheran; b. at Schweidnitz (31 m. s.w. of Breslau) Nov. 12, 1865.
- Beer, RudolfBEER, RUDOLF: German Protestant; b. at Bielitz (40 m. w.s.w. of Cracow) Dec. 5, 1863.
- Beet, Joseph AgarBEET, bît, JOSEPH AGAR: English Wesleyan; b. at Sheffield Sept. 27, 1840.
- Beets, HenryBEETS, bêtz, HENRY: Christian Reformed; b. at Koedijk (a village near Alkmaar, 20 m. n.w. of Amsterdam), Holland, Jan…
- Begg, JamesBEGG, JAMES: Minister of the Free Church of Scotland; b. at New Monkland, near Airdrie (10 m. e. of Glasgow)…
- Beghards, BeguinesOrigin (§ 1).
- Begin, Louis NazaireBEGIN, bê´´gan´, LOUIS NAZAIRE: Roman Catholic archbishop of Quebec; b. at Lévis, Quebec, Jan. 10, 1840.
- BehaismBEHAISM: A development of Babism. The Bab had taught that the greatest and last of all manifestations of divinity was…
- Behmen, JacobBEHMEN, JACOB. See Boehme.
- BeirutBEIRUT. See Phenicia, I, § 6.
- Beissel, John ConradBEISSEL, JOHN CONRAD. See Communism, II, 5; Dunkers, I, 2.
- Beissel, StephanBEISSEL, STEPHAN: German Jesuit; b. at Aachen Apr. 21, 1841. He was educated at the universities of Bonn and Münster…
- Bekker, BalthasarBEKKER, BALTHASAR: Dutch precursor of rationalism; b. at Metslawier (4 m. n.e. of Dokkum) Mar. 30, 1634; d. in…
- Bekkos, JohannesBEKKOS, JOHANNES. See Johannes (John) Bekkos.
- BelBEL: A great Babylonian god, whose name, like the equivalent Hebrew Ba‘al, originally and all through the history of…
- Bel and the DragonBEL AND THE DRAGON. See Apocrypha, A, IV, 3.
- Belgic ConfessionBELGIC CONFESSION: A statement of belief written in French in 1561 by Guy de Brès aided by H.
- BelgiumBELGIUM: A kingdom of northwestern Europe; area, 11,373 square miles; population, 6,800,000.
- BelialBELIAL, bî´li-al ("worthlessness"): A word which occurs once in the New Testament (II Cor.
- Bell, William M'IlvinBELL, WILLIAM M’ILVIN: United Brethren; b. in Whitley Co., Ind., Nov. 12, 1860; entered the ministry 1879; elected…
- Bellamy, JosephBELLAMY, JOSEPH: Congregationalist; b. at New Cheshire, Conn., Feb. 20, 1719; d. at Bethlehem, Conn., Mar. 6, 1790.
- BellarmineIn Louvain (§ 1). In Rome. The Disputationes (§ 2).
- Bellows, Henry WhitneyBELLOWS, HENRY WHITNEY: American Unitarian; b. in Boston June 11, 1814; d. in New York Jan. 30, 1882.
- BellsThe use of bells as adjuncts to Christian worship was not without precedent in pre-Christian times.
- Belsham, ThomasBELSHAM, THOMAS: English Unitarian; b. at Bedford Apr. 26, 1750; d. at Hampstead Nov. 11, 1829.
- BelshazzarBELSHAZZAR. See Babylonia, VI, 7, § 3; Persia.
- Belsheim, JohannesBELSHEIM, JOHANNES: Norwegian Protestant; b. at Valders (about 100 m. n.w. of Christiania) Jan. 21, 1829.
- BemaBEMA: In classical literature a semicircular platform at the end of a basilica, which supported the official seat of…
- Bembo, PietroBEMBO, PIETRO: Cardinal and humanist; b. in Venice May 20, 1470; d. in Rome Jan. 18, 1547.
- BenaiahBENAIAH ("whom Yahweh built"): The name of several Israelites.
- Bender, WilhelmBENDER, WILHELM (FRIEDRICH): German Protestant; b. at Münzenberg (10 m. s.e. of Giessen), Hesse, Jan. 15, 1845; d. at…
- BenediciteBENEDICITE: The name given, from its first word in the Latin, to the canticle which stands in the Anglican Prayer-book…
- BenedictBENEDICT: The name of fourteen popes and one antipope.
- Benedict BiscopBENEDICT BISCOP: First abbot of Wearmouth and Jarrow; b. of noble family about 628; d.
- Benedict of AnianeBENEDICT OF ANIANE: The reformer of the Benedictine order in the Frankish empire. He was born about 750 in his father's…
- Benedict of Nursia and the Benedictine OrderThe Life of Benedict.
- BenedictinesBENEDICTINES. See Benedict of Nursia.
- BenedictionBENEDICTION: In the Roman Catholic Church a part of every liturgical act, belonging to the class of sacramentals—i.e…
- BeneficeMeaning of the Term (§ 1).
- Beneficium CompetentiæBENEFICIUM COMPETENTIÆ: The privilege by which a condemned debtor is allowed to retain so much of his income as is…
- Benefit of ClergyBENEFIT OF CLERGY: A privilege claimed by the medieval Church; as part of its general plea of immunity from secular…
- Benezet, AnthonyBENEZET, ben´´e-zet´, ANTHONY: Quaker philanthropist; b. at St. Quentin, France, Jan. 31, 1714; d. at Philadelphia May…
- Bengel, Johann AlbrechtBENGEL, JOHANN ALBRECHT: German Lutheran; b. at Winnenden (12 m. n.e. of Stuttgart), Württemberg, June 24, 1687; d. at…
- Benham, WilliamBENHAM, WILLIAM: Church of England; b. at Westmeon (16 m. n.e. of Southampton), Hants, Jan. 15, 1831. He was educated…
- Benjamin of TudelaBENJAMIN OF TUDELA (a town of Navarre, on the Ebro, 160 miles n.e. of Madrid): Properly Benjamin ben Jonah, a Spanish…
- Bennett, JamesBENNET, JAMES: Congregationalist; b. in London May 22, 1774; d. there Dec. 4, 1862. He studied for the ministry at…
- Bennett, William HenryBENNETT, WILLIAM HENRY: English Congregationalist; b. at London May 22, 1855.
- BennoBENNO: Bishop of Meissen; b. at Hildesheim or Goslar 1010; d. at Meissen June 18, 1108, according to the traditional…
- Benoist (Benoit), ÉlieBENOIST (BENOIT), be-nwä´, ÉLIE: French Protestant; b. at Paris Jan. 20,1840; d. at Delft Nov. 15, 1728.
- Benoist (Benoit), RenéBENOIST (BENOIT), RENÉ: Roman Catholic theologian; b. at Saveniéres, near Angers, in 1521; d. at Paris Mar. 7, 1608.
- Benrath, KarlBENRATH, KARL: German Protestant theologian; b. at Düren (22 m. s.w. of Cologne) Aug. 16, 1845.
- Bensly, Robert LubbockBENSLY, ROBERT LUBBOCK: Orientalist; b. at Eaton (2 m. s.w. of Norwich), Norfolk, England, Aug. 24,1831; d. at…
- Benson, Edward WhiteBENSON, EDWARD WHITE: Archbishop of Canterbury; b. at Birmingham July 14, 1820; d. at Hawarden (6 m. e. of Chester)…
- Bentley, RichardBENTLEY, RICHARD: English theologian and scholar; b. at Oulton, near Wakefield (25 m. s.w. of York), Yorkshire, Jan…
- Benton, Angelo AmesBENTON, ANGELO AMES: Protestant Episcopalian; b. at Canea (Khania), on the island of Crete, July 3, 1837. He studied at…
- Benzinger, ImmanuelBENZINGER, EMMANUEL (GUSTAV ADOLF): German Orientalist; b. at Stuttgart Feb. 21, 1865.
- BenzoBENZO: Bishop of Alba, a zealous partizan of Henry IV; b. about the beginning of the eleventh century; d. not earlier…
- Berengar of PoitiersBERENGAR OF POITIERS: A younger contemporary and zealous adherent of Abelard.
- Berengar of ToursEarly Life (§ 1).
- BerengozBERENGOZ: Abbot of St. Maximin's at Treves in the twelfth century; d. about 1125.
- Bergen FormulaBERGEN FORMULA ( Das bergische Buch ). See Formula of Concord.
- Berger, DanielBERGER, DANIEL: One of the United Brethren in Christ; b. near Reading, Pa., Feb. 14, 1832.
- Berger, SamuelBERGER, bār´´zhê´, SAMUEL: French Lutheran; b. at Beaucourt (10 m. s.s.e. of Belfort), France, May 2, 1843; d. in…
- Bergier, Nicolas SylvestreBERGIER, bār´´zhyê´, NICOLAS SYLVESTRE: French Roman Catholic; b. at Darnay (18 m. s.e. of Mirecourt), Lorraine, Dec…
- Bergius, JohannesBERGIUS, JOHANNES: Reformed theologian; b. at Stettin Feb. 24, 1587; d. at Berlin Dec. 19, 1658.
- Berkeley, GeorgeBishop of Cloyne (in County Cork, about 15 m. e.s.e. of the city of Cork); b. probably at Dysert Castle, near…
- Berleburg BibleBERLEBURG BIBLE. See Bibles, Annotated, I, § 3.
- Bern, Disputation ofBERN, DISPUTATION OF: The decisive point in the contest which definitely established the Reformation at Bern.
- Bern, Synod ofBERN, SYNOD OF: The name given to the first Reformed synod at Bern (1532). The Reformation was established at Bern by…
- Bernard of BotoneBERNARD OF BOTONE: Canonist of the thirteenth century; b. in Parma c. 1200; d. at Bologna May, 1263.
- Bernard of ClairvauxLife and Far-reaching Activity.
- Bernard of ClunyBERNARD OF CLUNY ( Bernardus Morlanensis, often called Bernard of Morlaix, Morlanensis being improperly rendered…
- Bernard of ConstanceBERNARD OF CONSTANCE: German teacher and author of the eleventh century; d. at Corvey 1088.
- Bernard of MenthonBERNARD OF MENTHON: Founder of the hospices on the Great and Little St. Bernard.
- Bernard of MorlaixBERNARD OF MORLAIX. See Bernard of Cluny.
- Bernard of ToledoBERNARD OF TOLEDO: Archbishop of Toledo 1086–1125; b. at Agen (73 m. s.e. of Bordeaux), France, c. 1050; d. in Spain…
- Bernard, ClaudeBERNARD, CLAUDE: Called the "poor priest" and "Father Bernard"; b. in Dijon Dec. 23, 1588; d. at Paris Mar. 23, 1641.
- Bernard, John HenryBERNARD, JOHN HENRY: Church of Ireland, dean of St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin; b. at Raniganj, Bardwan (126 m. n.w…
- Bernard, Thomas DehanyBERNARD, THOMAS DEHANY: Church of England; b. at Clifton (a suburb of Bristol), Gloucestershire, Nov. 11, 1815; d. at…
- Bernardin of SiennaBERNARDIN OF SIENNA: Franciscan; b. of noble parents at Massa (33 m. s.w. of Sienna) Sept. 8, 1350; d. at Aquila (58 m…
- BernardinesBERNARDINES. See Cistercians.
- BerniceBERNICE, ber-nai´sê or ber´nis (for BERENICE ): Eldest daughter of Herod Aprippa I. See Herod and his Family.
- Berno (Bern, Bernard) of ReichenauBERNO (BERN, BERNARD) OF REICHENAU: Abbot of Reichenau (Benedictine abbey on as island in the Untersee of Lake…
- BernoldBERNOLD: German ecclesiastical author; b. probably in southern Swabia c. 1054; d. at Schaffhausen Sep. 16, 1100.
- BernwardBERNWARD: Bishop of Hildesheim 993–1022. He came of a noble Saxon family, being the grandson of the count palatine…
- Berœans or BarclayitesBERŒANS OR BARCLAYITES. See Barclay, John.
- Berquin, Louis deBERQUIN, bār´´kan´, LOUIS DE: French Reformer; b. at Passy-Paris June, 1490; d. at Paris Apr. 17, 1529.
- Berruyer, Joseph IsaacBERRUYER, bār´´rü´´yê´, JOSEPH ISAAC: French Jesuit; b. at Rouen Nov. 7, 1681; d. at Paris Feb. 18, 1758.
- Berry, Joseph F.BERRY, JOSEPH F.: Methodist Episcopal bishop; b. at Aylmer, Can., Map 13, 1856; received his education at Milton…
- Bersier, Eugène Artur FrancoisBERSIER, bār´´syê´, EUGÈNE ARTUR FRANÇOIS: French Reformed; b. at Morges (7 m. w. of Lausanne), Switzerland, Feb. 5…
- Bertheau, CarlBERTHEAU, bār´´tō´, CARL: German Lutheran; b. at Hamburg July 8, 1836.
- Bertheau, ErnstBERTHEAU, ERNST: German Lutheran; b. at Hamburg Nov. 23, 1812; d. at Göttingen May 17, 1888.
- Berthier, Guillaume FrançoisBERTHIER, bār´´tyê´, GUILLAUME FRANÇOIS: French Jesuit; b. at Issoudun (130 m. s. of Paris), department of Indre, Apr…
- Berthold of ChiemseeBERTHOLD OF CHIEMSEE. See Pürstinger, Berthold.
- Berthold of LivoniaBERTHOLD OF LIVONIA: Early missionary and second bishop among the Livonians.
- Berthold of RegensburgBERTHOLD OF REGENSBURG: Franciscan friar, the greatest popular preacher of the Middle Ages in Germany; b.
- Berthold of RorbachBERTHOLD OF RORBACH: Heretical mystic; d. 1356. He appears first in Würzburg, where he was tried on a charge of…
- Berthold the CarmeliteBERTHOLD THE CARMELITE. See Carmelites.
- Bertholdt, LeonhardBERTHOLDT, LEONHARD: Professor at Erlangen; b. at Emskirchen (14 m. w.n.w. of Nuremberg), Bavaria, May 8, 1774; d. at…
- Bertholet, AlfredBERTHOLET, bār´´tō´´lê´, ALFRED: Swiss Protestant; b. at Basel Nov. 9, 1868.
- BertramBERTRAM: The name by which Ratramnus was formerly sometimes quoted.
- Bertram, Robert AitkinBERTRAM, ROBERT AITKIN: English Congregationalist; b. at Henley (147 m. n.w. of London), Staffordshire, Nov. 8, 1836…
- Bérulle, Pierre deBÉRULLE, PIERRE DE. See Neri, Philip.
- Beryllus of BostraBERYLLUS OF BOSTRA. See Monarchianism.
- Besant, AnnieBESANT, bes´ant, ANNIE (WOOD): Theosophist; b. at London Oct. 1, 1847.
- Bess, BernhardBESS, BERNHARD: German librarian and historian; b. at Nentershausen (near Cassel) May 19, 1863.
- Bessarion, Johannes or BasiliusBESSARION, bes-sê´ri-on, JOHANNES or BASILIUS: Cardinal; b. at Trebizond 1395; d. at Ravenna Nov. 19, 1472.
- Bessel, GottfriedBESSEL, GOTTFRIED: Abbot of Göttweig, near Vienna; b. at Buchhain, near Mainz, Sept. 5, 1672; d. at Göttweig Jan. 20…
- Besser, Wilhelm FriedrichBESSER, WILHELM FRIEDRICH: German preacher and theological writer; b. at Warnstedt, in the Harz, Sept. 27, 1816; d…
- Bestmann, Hugo JohannesBESTMANN, best´´mān´, HUGO JOHANNES: German Lutheran; b. at Delve, Holstein, Feb. 21, 1854.
- Beth, KarlBETH, KARL: German Protestant; b. at Förderstädt (15 m. s. of Magdeburg) Feb. 12, 1872.
- BethlehemBETHLEHEM: A town in southern Palestine, in the territory of Judah, often called Bethlehem Judah (e.g., Judges xvii, 7…
- BethlehemitesBETHLEHEMITES: The name of three religious orders. (1) An association of Bethleemitæ, known only from Matthew Paris (…
- BethphanyBETHPHANY: A name sometimes given to the festival more commonly known as the Epiphany.
- BethsaidaBETHSAIDA. See Gaulanitis.
- Bethune-Baker, James FranklinBETHUNE-BAKER, JAMES FRANKLIN: Church of England; b. at Birmingham Aug. 23, 1861.
- Bethune, George WashingtonBETHUNE, be-thūn´, GEORGE WASHINGTON: Reformed (Dutch) clergyman; b. in Greenwich, now a part of New York City, Mar…
- Betkius (Betke), JoachimBETKIUS, bêt´kî-Us (BETKE), JOACHIM: Lutheran preacher and forerunner of the Pietistic movement; b. at Berlin Oct. 8…
- Betrayal of PilateBETRAYAL OF PILATE. See Apocrypha, New Testament, B, I, 7.
- Beurlin, JakobBEURLIN, boi´´er-lîn, JAKOB: German Lutheran theologian; b. at Dornstetten (35 m. s.w. of Stuttgart) 1520; d. at Paris…
- Bevan, Anthony AshleyBEVAN, bev´an, ANTHONY ASHLEY: Church of England layman; b. at Trent Park, Barnet (11 m. n.n.w. of London), Herts, May…
- Bevan, Llewelyn DavidBEVAN, LLEWELYN DAVID: Congregationalist; b. at Llanelly (15 m. s.e. of Carmarthen), Carmarthenshire, Wales, Sept. 11…
- Beveridge, WilliamBEVERIDGE, WILLIAM: Bishop of St. Asaph; b. at Barrow (8 m. n. of Leicester), and baptized there Feb. 21, 1637; d. in…
- Beyer, HartmannBEYER, bai´er, HARTMANN: Reformation preacher of Frankfort, where he was born Sept. 30, 1516, and died Aug. 11, 1577.
- Beyschlag, WillibaldBEYSCHLAG, bai´shlāH, WILLIBALD: German Protestant; b. at Frankfort Sept. 5, 1823; d. at Halle Nov. 26, 1900.
- Beza, TheodoreEarly Life (§ 1).
- Bezold, Carl Ernst ChristianBEZOLD, bê´´zōld´, CARL ERNST CHRISTIAN: German Orientalist; b. at Donauwörth (25 m. n.n.w. of Augsburg), Bavaria, May…
- Bianchini (Blanchinus), GiuseppeBIANCHINI, bî´´ān-kî´nî (BLANCHINUS), GIUSEPPE: Italian Biblical scholar; b. at Verona Sept. 9, 1704; d. after 1760.
- BibleThe Bible in the Early Church (§ 1).
- Bible ChristiansBIBLE CHRISTIANS. See Methodists, I., 8.
- Bible ChristiansWilliam O'Bryan (§ 1).
- Bible Reading by the Laity, Restrictions onThe Ancient Church.
- Bible SocietiesBritish Bible Societies.
- Bible TextThe Old Testament.
- Bible VersionsThe Septuagint.
- Bibles for ChildrenBIBLES FOR CHILDREN: Various attempts have been made to present the Bible in the form of a "child's book."
- Bibles, Annotated, and Bible SummariesGerman.
- Bibles, HistoricalBIBLES, HISTORICAL (STORY-BIBLES): The usual term applied to a compilation of Holy Scripture which, confining itself…
- Bibles, IllustratedIllustrated Manuscripts, Roman and Byzantine (§ 1).
- Bibles, PolyglotThe Complutensian Polyglot.
- Bibles, RabbinicBIBLES, RABBINIC, called also Great Bibles (Miḳra’ot Gedolot): Hebrew Bibles containing, besides the original text…
- Biblia PauperumBIBLIA PAUPERUM ("Bible of the Poor"). See Bibles, Illustrated, § 4.
- Bibliander (Buchmann), TheodorBIBLIANDER (BUCHMANN), THEODOR: Swiss theologian and teacher; b. at Bischofszell (11 miles s.s.e. of Constance)…
- Biblical ArcheologyBIBLICAL ARCHEOLOGY. See Archeology, Biblical.
- Biblical CanonBIBLICAL CANON . See Cannon of Scripture.
- Biblical CriticismConception and Problem.
- Biblical HistoryBIBLICAL HISTORY. See Israel, History of, I.
- Biblical History, Instruction inFundamental to all Christian teaching and attainment, especially according to the Protestant view, is a knowledge of…
- Biblical IntroductionOld Testament.
- Biblical TheologyOrigin and History (§ 1).
- Biblicists, Biblical DoctorsBIBLICISTS, BIBLICAL DOCTORS: A name sometimes given to those who, during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries…
- Bibra, Nicholas ofBIBRA, NICHOLAS OF . See Nicholas of Bibra.
- Bickell, GustavBICKELL, GUSTAV: German Roman Catholic theologian and Orientalist; b. at Cassel July 7, 1838; d. at Vienna Jan. 15…
- Bickell, Johann WilhelmBICKELL, JOHANN WILHELM: Writer on canon law; b. at Marburg Nov. 2, 1799; d. at Cassel Jan. 23, 1848.
- Bickersteth, EdwardBICKERSTETH, EDWARD: The name of three clergymen of the Church of England.
- Bickersteth, Edward HenryBICKERSTETH, EDWARD HENRY: Bishop of Exeter, son of Edward Bickersteth, 1; b. at Islington, London, Jan. 25, 1825; d…
- Bickersteth, SamuelBICKERSTETH, SAMUEL: Church of England, second son of Edward Henry Bickersteth; b. at Hampstead Sept. 9, 1857. He was…
- Bidding PrayerBIDDING PRAYER: Originally bidding of prayers, signifying "the praying (offering) of prayers," one of the meanings of…
- Biddle, JohnBIDDLE, JOHN: A founder of modern English Unitarianism; b. at Wotton-under-Edge (15 m. s. of Gloucester), where he was…
- Biedermann, Alois EmanuelBIEDERMANN, b238;´der-mɑ̄n, ALOIS EMANUEL: Swiss Protestant; b. near Bendlikon, on the west shore of the Lake of Zurich…
- Biel, GabrielBIEL, bîl, GABRIEL: One of the most remarkable theologians of the late Middle Ages; b. at Speyer; d. at Tübingen 1495.
- Bierling, Ernst RudolfBIERLING, bî´ār-ling, ERNST RUDOLF: German Protestant jurist; b. at Zittau (49 m. s.e. of Dresden) Jan. 7, 1841.
- Bigelmaier, AndreasBIGELMAIER, bî´´gel-mɑi´er, ANDREAS: German Roman Catholic; b. at Oberhausen (a suburb of Augsburg) Oct. 21, 1873.
- Bigg, CharlesBIGG, CHARLES: Church of England; b. at Manchester Sept. 12, 1840; d. Oxford July 15, 1908.
- Bigne, Marguerin de laBIGNE, bîñ, MARGUERIN, mɑ̄r´´ge´´ran, DE LA: French theologian; b. at Bernières-le-Patry, in Normandy, 1546 or 1547; d…
- Billican, TheobaldBILLICAN, THEOBALD (Diepold Gernolt or Gerlacher): German theologian; b. at Billigheim (4 m. s.s.w.
- Bilney (Bylney), ThomasBILNEY (BYLNEY), THOMAS: Early English Protestant; b. of a Norfolk family about 1495; burned at the stake at Norwich…
- Bilson, ThomasBILSON, THOMAS: Bishop of Winchester; b. at Winchester 1546 or 1547; d. there June 18, 1616. He studied at New College…
- Binding and Loosing, Power ofBINDING AND LOOSING, POWER OF. See Keys, Power of the.
- Bindley, Thomas HerbertBINDLEY, THOMAS HERBERT: Church of England; b. at Smethwick (3 m. n.w. of Birmingham), Staffordshire, Oct. 21, 1861.
- Bingham, HiramBINGHAM, HIRAM: Congregational missionary; b. at Honolulu, Hawaii, Aug. 16, 1831; d. at Baltimore Oct. 25, 1908.
- Bingham, JosephBINGHAM, JOSEPH: Church of England; b. at Wakefield (9 m. s. of Leeds), Yorkshire, Sept., 1668; d. at Havant (6 m. s.e…
- Binney, ThomasBINNEY, THOMAS: English Congregationalist; b. at Newcastle-upon-Tyne Apr. 30, 1798; d. at Clapton, London, Feb. 24…
- Binterim, Anton JosefBINTERIM, ANTON JOSEF: German Catholic theologian; b. at Düsseldorf Sept. 19, 1779; d. at Bilk (n. suburb of…
- Birch, ThomasBIRCH, THOMAS: Church of England clergyman and author; b. in London Nov. 23, 1705; d. there Jan. 9, 1766.
- Bird, Frederic MayerBIRD, FREDERIC MAYER: Protestant Episcopalian; b. at Philadelphia June 28, 1838; d. in South Bethlehem, Pa., Apr. 3…
- BirettaBIRETTA. See Vestments and Insignia, Ecclesiastical.
- Birgitta, St., and the Birgittine OrderBIRGITTA, ST., AND THE BIRGITTINE ORDER. See Bridget, Saint, of Sweden.
- Birinus, SaintBIRINUS, SAINT: First bishop of the West Saxons; d. Dec. 3, 650. He was a Benedictine monk at Rome and was given a…
- BishopBISHOP: A spiritual overseer in the Christian Church. The origin of the office, its historic development, and theories…
- Bishop (Episcopus) in Partibus InfideliumBISHOP (EPISCOPUS) IN PARTIBUS INFIDELIUM. See Bishop, Titular.
- Bishop, NathanBISHOP, NATHAN: Baptist layman; b. of New England stock at Vernon, Oneida County, N. Y., Aug. 12, 1808; d. at Saratoga…
- Bishop, TitularBISHOP, TITULAR: According to the old law of the Church, only one bishop was consecrated for a diocese; and none was…
- Bishopric, or DioceseBISHOPRIC, or DIOCESE: The territory over which the jurisdiction of a bishop extends.
- Bishops' Book, TheBISHOPS' BOOK, THE: A work published at London in 1537, compiled by a commission of English bishops and clergymen, of…
- Bissell, Edwin ConeBISSELL, EDWIN CONE: American Congregationalist; b. at Schoharie, N. Y., Mar. 2, 1832; d. at Chicago Apr. 10, 1894.
- BithyniaBITHYNIA. See Asia Minor in the Apostolic Time, VI.
- BizochiBIZOCHI . See Fraticelli.
- Björling, Carl OlofBJÖRLING, biUr´ling, CARL OLOF: Swedish theologian; b. at Westerås (60 m. w.n.w. of Stockholm), Sweden, Sept. 16, 1804…
- Black FathersBLACK FATHERS. See Holy Ghost, Orders and Congregations of the, II, 6.
- Black FriarsBLACK FRIARS: A name given in England to Dominican monks because of the color of their dress.
- Black JewsBLACK JEWS. See Church of God, 2.
- Black RubricBLACK RUBRIC: The popular name for the declaration enjoining kneeling at the end of the order for the administration of…
- Black, HughBLACK, HUGH: Scotch Presbyterian; b. at Rothesay (40 m. w. of Glasgow), Buteshire, Mar. 26, 1868.
- Blackwood, WilliamBLACKWOOD, WILLIAM: Presbyterian; b. at Dromara, County Down, Ireland, June 1, 1804; d. in Baltimore Md., Nov. 13, 1893.
- Blaikie, William GardenBLAIKIE, WILLIAM GARDEN: Free Church of Scotland; b. at Aberdeen Feb. 5, 1820; d. at North Berwick June 11, 1899.
- Blair, HughBLAIR, HUGH: Church of Scotland; b. in Edinburgh Apr. 7, 1718; d. there Dec. 27, 1800.
- Blair, JamesBLAIR, JAMES: Virginia colonial Episcopal clergyman; b. in Scotland in 1656; d. at Williamsburg, Va., Apr. 18, 1743. He…
- Blair, SamuelBLAIR, SAMUEL: American Presbyterian; b. in Ireland June 14, 1712; d. at Londonderry, Penn., July 5, 1751.
- Blair, WilliamBLAIR, WILLIAM: United Free Church of Scotland; b. at Cluny (23 m. s.w. of St. Andrews), Fifeshire, Jan. 13, 1830. He…
- Blaise, SaintBLAISE, SAINT. See Helpers in Need.
- Blakeslee, ErastusBLAKESLEE, ERASTUS: Congregationalist; b. at Plymouth, Conn., Sept. 2, 1838; d. at Brookline, Mass., July 12, 1908.
- Blanckmeister, Franz TheodorBLANCKMEISTER, FRANZ THEODOR: German Lutheran; b. at Plauen (21 m. s.w. of Zwickau) Feb. 4, 1858.
- Blandina, SaintBLANDINA, SAINT: A martyr who was among the victims of the persecution in Lyons under Marcus Aurelius.
- Blandrata, GeorgiusBLANDRATA, GEORGIUS: Italian Unitarian; b. about 1515 at Saluzzo (17 miles n.w. of Coni), Piedmont; d. after 1585.
- BlasphemyBLASPHEMY (Gk. blasphēmia, "a speech or word of evil omen "): Properly any species of calumny and detraction, but…
- Blass, Friedrich WilhelmBLASS, FRIEDRICH WILHELM: German Protestant classical scholar; b. at Osnabrück (30 m. n.e. of Münster) Jan. 22, 1843…
- Blastares, MatthæusBLASTARES, MATTHÆUS: At first a secular priest and later a monk of the order of St.
- Blaurer (Blarer, Blaarer), AmbrosiusBLAURER (BLARER, BLAARER), AMBROSIUS: German Reformer; b. at Constance Apr. 12, 1492; d. at Winterthur (12 miles n.e…
- Blaurer, MargarethaBLAURER, MARGARETHA: Sister of Ambrosius Blaurer, one of the most intelligent and deeply religious women of the…
- Blavatsky, Helena PetrovnaBLAVATSKY, HELENA PETROVNA: Theosophist; b. at Ekaterinoslav (250 m. n.e. of Odessa), Russia, July 31 (O. S.), 1831; d…
- Blayney, BenjaminBLAYNEY, BENJAMIN: Church of England Hebrew scholar; b. 1728; d. at Poulshot (22 m. n.w. of Salisbury), Wiltshire…
- Bledsoe, Albert TaylorBLEDSOE, ALBERT TAYLOR: American Southern Methodist; b. at Frankfort, Ky., Nov. 9, 1809; d. at Alexandria, Va., Dec. 8…
- Bleek, FriedrichBLEEK, FRIEDRICH: Protestant theologian and exegete; b. at Ahrensbök, Holstein, July 4, 1793; d. at Bonn Feb. 27, 1859.
- Blemmydes, NikephorosBLEMMYDES, NIKEPHOROS: Greek monk; b. at Constantinople about 1197; d. (near Ephesus?) 1272.
- BlessednessBiblical Basis (§ 1).
- Blessig, Johann LorenzBLESSIG, JOHANN LORENZ: German Protestant; b. at Strasburg Apr. 15, 1747; d. there Feb. 17,1816.
- Blessing and CursingEthnic Conceptions (§ 1).
- Bliss, DanielBLISS, DANIEL: Congregational missionary; b. at Georgia, Vt., Aug. 17, 1823.
- Bliss, Edwin MunsellBLISS, EDWIN MUNSELL: Congregationalist; b. at Erzerum, Turkey, Sept. 12, 1848.
- Bliss, Frederick JonesBLISS, FREDERICK JONES: American archeologist; b. at Mount Lebanon, Syria, Jan. 22, 1859.
- Bliss, Howard SweetserBLISS, HOWARD SWEETSER: Congregational missionary; b. at Mount Lebanon, Syria, Dec. 6, 1860.
- Bliss, Isaac GroutBLISS, ISAAC GROUT: Congregational foreign missionary; b. at Springfield, Mass., July 5, 1822; d. at Assiut, Egypt…
- Bliss, William Dwight PorterBLISS, WILLIAM DWIGHT PORTER: American Protestant Episcopalian; b. at Constantinople Aug. 20, 1856.
- Blodget, HenryBLODGET, HENRY: Congregational foreign missionary; b, at Bucksport, Me., July 13, 1825; d. at Bridgeport Conn., May 23…
- Blomfield, Charles JamesBLOMFIELD, CHARLES JAMES: Bishop of London; b. at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, May 29, 1786; d. at Fulham Palace Aug. 5…
- Blomfield, William ErnestBLOMFIELD, WILLIAM ERNEST: English Baptist; b. at Rayleigh (24 m. s.w. of Colchester), Essex, Oct. 23, 1862.
- Blommaerdine, HadewichBLOMMAERDINE, blem´´mār-dî´ne, HADEWICH or HADEWIJCH: A heretical mystic whose religious activity and writings caused…
- Blondel, DavidBLONDEL, DAVID: French Protestant theologian; b. at Châlons-sur-Marne 1590; d. at Amsterdam 1655.
- Blood-BrotherhoodBLOOD-BROTHERHOOD. See Comparative Religion, VI, 1, b, § 6.
- Blood-RevengeBLOOD-REVENGE: A custom nearly universal in the tribal or clan stage of society, often surviving later, binding the kin…
- Blount, CharlesBLOUNT, CHARLES. See Deism, I, § 3.
- Blumhardt, Christian GottliebBLUMHARDT, CHRISTIAN GOTTLIEB: German Protestant; b. in Stuttgart Apr. 29, 1779; d. in Basel Dec. 19, 1838.
- Blumhardt, Johann ChristophBLUMHARDT, JOHANN CHRISTOPH: German Lutheran; b. at Stuttgart July 16, 1805 d. at Boll (5 miles s.w. of Göppingen) Feb…
- Blunt, John HenryBLUNT, JOHN HENRY: Church of England scholar; b. in Chelsea, London, Aug. 25, 1823; d. in London Apr. 11, 1884.
- Blunt, John JamesBLUNT, JOHN JAMES: English theologian; b. at Newcastle-under-Lyme (15 m. n.n.w. of Stafford), Staffordshire, 1794; d…
- Blyth, George Francis PophamBLYTH, GEORGE FRANCIS POPHAM: Anglican bishop in Jerusalem and the East; b. at Beverley (9 m. n.n.w. of Hull)…
- Boardman, George DanaBOARDMAN, GEORGE DANA: 1. Baptist foreign missionary; b. at Livermore, Me., Feb. 8, 1801; d. at Tavoy, Burma, Feb. 11…
- Boardman, George NyeBOARDMAN, GEORGE NYE: American Congregationalist; b. at Pittsford, Vt., Dec. 23, 1825. He was graduated at Middlebury…
- Bochart, SamuelBOCHART, bō´´shɑ̄r´, SAMUEL: French Protestant; b. at Rouen 1599; d. at Caen 1667.
- Bockhold, JohannBOCKHOLD, JOHANN (JAN BEUKELSZOON). See Muenster, Anabaptists in..
- Bod, PeterBOD, bed, PETER: Hungarian theologian and ecclesiastical historian; b. at Felsö-Csernáton (a village of Transylvania)…
- Bodelschwingh, Friedrich vonBODELSCHWIRGH, bō´del-shving, FRIEDRICH VON: German Lutheran; b. near Tecklenburg (20 m. n.n.e. of Münster)…
- Bodenstein, Andreas Rudolf vonBODENSTEIN, ANDREAS RUDOLF VON. See Carlstadt.
- Body, Charles William EdmundBODY, CHARLES WILLIAM EDMUND: Protestant Episcopalian; b. at Clapham (a suburb of London) Oct. 4, 1851. He was educated…
- Body, GeorgeBODY, GEORGE: Church of England; b. at Cheriton Fitzpaine (9 m. n.w. of Exeter), Devonshire, Jan. 7, 1840. He was…
- Boeckenhoff, Wilhelm Bernard Aloysius KarlBOECKENHOFF, bŪk´en-hof, WILHELM BERNARD ALOYSIUS KARL: German Roman Catholic; b. at Schermbeck (37 m. s.w. of Münster)…
- Boegner, Alfred ÉdouardBOEGNER, bŪg´ner, ALFRED ÉDOUARD: French Protestant; b. at Strasburg Aug. 2, 1851.
- Boehl, EduardBOEHL, bŪl, EDUARD: German theologian; b. at Hamburg Nov. 18, 1836; d. at Vienna Jan. 24, 1903.
- Boehm, HansBOEHM, HANS: A popular preacher of the fifteenth century, known as the Drummer of Niklashausen; executed July 19, 1476.
- Boehme, JakobEarly Tendency Toward Mysticism (§ 1).
- Boehmer, EduardBOEHMER, bŪ´mer, EDUARD: German theologian and Romance scholar; b. at Stettin May 24, 1827; d. at Lichtental Feb…
- Boehmer, Justus HenningBOEHMER, JUSTUS HENNING: A jurist who made important contributions to the study of Roman and still more of canon law…
- Boehringer, Georg FriedrichBOEHRINGER, bŪ-ring´er, GEORG FRIEDRICH: Swiss Protestant (Tübingen school); b. at Maulbronn, Württemberg, Dec. 28…
- Boëthius, Anicius Manlius SeverinusBOËTHIUS, bō-î´thi-Us, ANICIUS MANLIUS SEVERINUS: Statesman and philosopher; b. at Rome, of wealthy and influential…
- Bogatzky, Karl Heinrich vonBOGATZKY, KARL HEINRICH VON: German Pietist; b. at Jankowe (a village of Lower Silesia) Sept. 7, 1690; d. at Halle June…
- Bogerman, JanBOGERMAN, bō´ger-man, JAN: Dutch theologian; b. at Oplewert, East Friesland, 1576; d. at Franeker Sept. 11, 1637.
- BogomilesBOGOMILES. See New Manicheans, I.
- Bogue, DavidBOGUE, DAVID: English Congregationalist; b. at Hallydown, near Coldingham (10 m. n.w. of Berwick), Berwickshire, Feb…
- BohemiaBOHEMIA. See Austria.
- Bohemian BrethrenOrigin and History to 1496.
- Bois (Boys), JohnBOIS (BOYS), JOHN: Church of England scholar; b. at Nettlestead, near Hadleigh (35 m. e.s.e. of Cambridge), Suffolk…
- Bolingbroke, Henry Saint-John, ViscountBOLINGBROKE, HENRY SAINT-JOHN, VISCOUNT. See Deism, I, § 8.
- BoliviaBOLIVIA: A republic of western South America, bounded on the north and east by Brazil; on the south by Paraguay and…
- Bolland, Jan, and the BollandistsBOLLAND, JAN, AND THE BOLLANDISTS: The founder of the monumental hagiographical work known as the Acta Sanctorum…
- Bolsec, Jérôme HermèsBOLSEC, JÉRÔME HERMÈS: French controversialist and physician; b. at Paris in the early part of the sixteenth century…
- Bolsena, Miracle ofBOLSENA, MIRACLE OF: A miracle which, according to an account strongly affirmed in local tradition, occurred in 1264 in…
- Bolzano, BernhardBOLZANO, bel-tsɑ̄´nō, BERNHARD: German Roman Catholic theologian, and noted mathematician; b. at Prague Oct. 5, 1781…
- Bomberger, John Henry AugustusBOMBERGER, JOHN HENRY AUGUSTUS: Reformed (German); b. at Lancaster, Penn., Jan. 13, 1817; d. at Collegeville, Penn…
- Bona, GiovanniBONA, GIOVANNI: Roman Catholic theological writer; b. at Mondovi (55 m. w. of Genoa), Piedmont, Oct. 19, 1609; d. in…
- Bonald, Louis Gabriel Ambroise, Vicomte deBONALD, LOUIS GABRIEL AMBROISE, VICOMTE DE: French political and philosophical writer; b. at Monna, near Millau (130 m…
- Bonar, Andrew AlexanderBONAR, ANDREW ALEXANDER: Free Church of Scotland; b. at Edinburgh May 29, 1810, youngest brother of Horatius Boner; d…
- Bonar, HoratiusBONAR, HORATIUS: Free Church of Scotland; b. in Edinburgh Dec. 19, 1808; d. there July 31, 1889.
- BonaventuraBONAVENTURA (Giovanni di Fidanza, called Doctor Seraphicus ): Theologian; b. at Bagnorea (50 m. n.n.w. of Rome) 1221…
- Bond, William BennettBOND, WILLIAM BENNETT: Anglican archbishop of Montreal and primate of all Canada; b. at Truro (8 m. n.n.e. of…
- Bonet-Maury, Amy Gaston Charles AugusteBONET-MAURY, AMY GASTON CHARLES AUGUSTE: French Protestant; b. at Paris Jan. 2, 1842.
- Boni HominesBONI HOMINES: A name borne by several monastic brotherhoods, particularly by the Grammontensians (see Grammont, Order…
- BonifaceBONIFACE: The name of nine popes.
- Boniface, SaintBONIFACE, SAINT: The apostle of the Germans; b. at Crediton (8 m. n.w. of Exeter), Devonshire, between 675 and 683; d.
- Bonifatius-VereinBONIFATIUS-VEREIN ("Boniface Society"): A Roman Catholic society of Germany, having as its object "to promote the…
- BonizoBONIZO (BONITHO): Bishop of Sutri; b. at Cremona c. 1045; d. at Piacenza July 14, probably 1090.
- Bonner, EdmundBONNER, EDMUND: Bishop of London; b., probably at Hanley, Worcestershire, about 1500; d. in the Marshalsea prison, at…
- Bonnet, Alfred MaximilienBONNET, beṅ´´nê´, ALFRED MAXIMILIEN: French classical scholar; b. at Frankfort Nov. 3, 1841.
- Bonnet, JulesBONNET, JULES: French Protestant layman; b. at Nîmes (40 m. n.e. of Montpellier) June 30, 1820; d. there Mar. 23, 1892.
- Bonnivard, Francois deBONNIVARD, ben´´nî´´vɑ̄r´, FRANÇOIS DE: The "Prisoner of Chillon"; b. at Seyssel on the Rhone (21 m. s.w. of Geneva) c…
- Bonnus, HermannusBONNUS, HERMANNUS (Hermann Gude?): German Reformer; b. at Quackenbrück, in Osnabrück, 1504; d. at Lübeck Feb. 12, 1548.
- Bonosus and the BonosiansHeresy and Suspension of Bonosus (§ 1).
- Bonwetsch, Gottlieb NathanaelBONWETSCH, bon´´vetch´, GOTTLIEB NATHANAEL: German Protestant theologian; b. at Nortla, Russia, Feb. 17, 1848.
- Boos, MartinBOOS, MARTIN: Roman Catholic priest; b. at Huttenried near Schongau, Bavaria, Dec. 25, 1762; d. at Sayn, near Coblenz…
- Booth Tucker, Emma MossBOOTH TUCKER, EMMA MOSS: Salvation Army worker; b. at Gateshead, Durham, Jan. 8, 1860; d. near Dean Lake, Mo., Oct. 28…
- Booth Tucker, Frederick St. George de LautourBOOTH TUCKER, FREDERICK ST. GEORGE DE LAUTOUR: Secretary for Foreign Affairs of the Salvation Army; b. at Monghyr (80…
- Booth, BallingtonBOOTH, BALLINGTON: General-in-chief and president of the Volunteers of America; b. at Brighouse (4 m. e.s.e. of…
- Booth, CatherineBOOTH, CATHERINE (MUMFORD): "Mother of the Salvation Army"; b. at Ashbourne (13 m. n.w. of Derby), Derbyshire, England…
- Booth, WilliamBOOTH, WILLIAM: Commander-in-chief of the Salvation Army; b. at Nottingham, England, Apr. 10, 1829.
- Booths, Feast ofBOOTHS, FEAST OF. See Tabernacles, Feast of.
- Bora, Katharina vonBORA, KATHARINA VON: Luther's wife; b. of an old family of Klein-Laussig, near Bitterfeld in Meissen, Jan. 29, 1499; d…
- Borborites, BardelitesBORBORITES, BARDELITES. See Gnosticism.
- BordelumiansBORDELUMIANS: A separatistic sect formed at Bordelum, a village of Sleswick, about 1739, under the leadership of a…
- Bordier, Henri LéonardBORDIER, bōr´´dyê´, HENRI LÉONARD: Reformed Church of France; b. in Paris Aug. 8, 1817; d. there Aug. 31, 1888.
- Boreel, AdamBOREEL, bo´´rêl´, ADAM: Preacher and sectary; b. at Middelburg, in Zealand, 1603; d. in Amsterdam 1666.
- Bornemann, Friedrich Wilhelm BernhardBORNEMANN, bōr´ne-mɑ̄n, FRIEDRICH WILHELM BERNHARD: German Lutheran theologian; b. at Lüneburg (68 m. n.n.e. of…
- Bornhaeuser, Karl BernhardBORNHAEUSER, bōrn-hoi´zer, KARL BERNHARD: German Lutheran; b. at Mannheim (43 m. s.w. of Frankfort) May 19, 1868.
- BornholmersBORNHOLMERS: Danish sect of the nineteenth century. During the first part of the century different parts of Sweden were…
- Borowski, Ludwig Ernst vonBOROWSKI, bo-rov´skî, LUDWIG ERNST VON: A prominent Prussian evangelical preacher; b.
- Borrhaus, MartinBORRHAUS, MARTIN (generally known as CELLARIUS ): German theologian; b. at Stuttgart 1499; d. at Basel Oct. 11, 1564.
- Borromeo, CarloBORROMEO, CARLO: Italian prelate and reformer; b. at Arona (on the s.w. shore of Lago Maggiore, 37 m. n.w. of Milan)…
- Borrow, GeorgeBORROW, GEORGE (HENRY): English adventurer and writer; b. at East Dereham (15 m. w.n.w. of Norwich), Norfolk, July 5…
- Boschi, GiulioBOSCHI, bos’kî, GIULIO: Cardinal; b. at Perugia, Italy, Mar. 2, 1838.
- Bosnia and HerzegovinaBOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA: Two provinces of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy.
- BosoBOSO: Third English cardinal; d. after 1178. His name was Boso Breakspear and he was a nephew of Pope Adrian IV…
- Bosse, FriedrichBOSSE, FRIEDRICH: German Lutheran; b. at Rossla (38 m. w. of Halle) Aug. 23, 1864.
- Bossuet, Jacques BénigneBOSSUET, bos´´sü´´ê´, JACQUES BÉNIGNE: Bishop of Meaux (about 27 m. e.n.e. of Paris); b. at Dijon Sept. 27, 1627; d. in…
- Bost, Paul Ami Isaac DavidBOST, PAUL AMI ISAAC DAVID: Swiss evangelist; b. at Geneva June 10, 1790; d. at La Force (6 m. w. of Bergerac), France…
- Boston, ThomasBOSTON, THOMAS: Church of Scotland; b. at Dunse (13 m. w. of Berwick-upon-Tweed), Berwickshire, Mar. 17, 1677; d. at…
- Bottome, MargaretBOTTOME, MARGARET (McDONALD): Founder of the King's Daughters; b. in New York City Dec. 29, 1827; d. there Nov. 14…
- Boudinot, EliasBOUDINOT, bū´´dî´´nō´, ELIAS: American man of affairs and philanthropist; b. at Philadelphia May 2, 1740; d. at…
- Bouhours, DominiqueBOUHOURS, bū´´hūr´, DOMINIQUE: Jesuit; b. in Paris May 15, 1628; d. there May 27, 1702.
- Bouquet, MartinBOUQUET, bū´´kê´, MARTIN: Benedictine of St. Maur; b. at Amiens Aug. 6, 1685, d. in Paris Apr. 6, 1754. He entered the…
- Bouquin, PierreBOUQUIN, bū´´kaå´, PIERRE (PETRUS BOQUINUS): French Calvinist; b. either in the province of Saintonge or in that of…
- Bourdaloue, LouisBOURDALOUE, būr´´dɑ̄´´lū´, LOUIS: Jesuit preacher; b. at Bourges Aug. 20, 1632; d. in Paris May 13,1704.
- Bourignon, de la Porte, AntoinetteBOURIGNON, bū´´rî´´nyen´, DE LA PORTE, ANTOINETTE: Fanatical enthusiast; b. at Ryssel (Lille), then in the Spanish…
- Bourne, FrancisBOURNE, FRANCIS: Roman Catholic archbishop of Westminster; b. at Clapham (a suburb of London) Mar. 23, 1861. He was…
- Bourne, HughBOURNE, HUGH. See Methodists, I, 4.
- Bousset, Johann Franz WilhelmBOUSSET, bū´´set´, JOHANN FRANZ WILHELM: German Protestant; b. at Lübeck Sept. 3, 1865.
- Bouthillier, de Rancé, Armand Jean leBOUTHILLIER, bū´´tîl´´lyê´, DE RANCÉ, ARMAND JEAN LE. See Trappists.
- Bowen, GeorgeBOWEN, GEORGE: Methodist Episcopal foreign missionary; b. at Middlebury, Vt., April 30, 1816; d. in Bombay, India, Feb…
- Bowen, John Wesley EdwardBOWEN, JOHN WESLEY EDWARD: Methodist Episcopalian; b. at New Orleans, La., Dec. 3, 1855.
- Bower, ArchibaldBOWER, ARCHIBALD: Professed convert from Roman Catholicism to Protestantism; b. at Dundee Jan. 17, 1686; d. in London…
- Bowman, ThomasBOWMAN, THOMAS: The name of two contemporary American bishops.
- Bowne, Borden ParkerBOWNE, BORDEN PARKER: American educator; b. at Leonardville, N. J., Jan. 14, 1847. Died at Brookline, Mass., Apr. 1…
- Bowring, Sir JohnBOWRING, SIR JOHN: English Unitarian; b. at Exeter Oct. 17, 1792; d. there Nov. 23, 1872.
- Boy-BishopBOY-BISHOP: A popular custom of the Middle Ages to provide a diversion for the boys of a church or cathedral choir or…
- Boyce, James PetigruBOYCE, JAMES PETIGRU: American Baptist; b. at Charleston, S. C., Jan. 11, 1827; d. at Pau, France, Dec. 28, 1888.
- Boyd, Andrew Kennedy HutchisonBOYD, ANDREW KENNEDY HUTCHISON: Established Church of Scotland; b. at Auchinleck (28 m. s. of Glasgow), Ayrshire, Nov…
- Boyle, Robert, and the Boyle LecturesBOYLE, ROBERT, AND THE BOYLE LECTURES: Robert Boyle was born at Lismore Castle (30 m. n.e. of Cork), Waterford…
- Brace, Charles LoringBRACE, CHARLES LORING: American philanthropist; b. at Litchfield, Conn., June 19, 1826; d. at Campfer in the Engadine…
- Brackmann, AlbertBRACKMANN, ALBERT: German Protestant historian; b. at Hanover June 24, 1871.
- Bradford, Amory HoweBRADFORD, AMORY HOWE: American Congregationalist; b. at Granby, N. Y., Apr. 14, 1846.
- Bradford, JohnBRADFORD, JOHN: Church of England Protestant martyr; b. at Manchester about 1510; burned at Smithfield July 1, 1555.
- Bradlaugh, CharlesBRADLAUGH, CHARLES: English freethought advocate and politician; b. at Hoxton (a suburb of London) Sept. 26,1833; d. at…
- Bradley, George GranvilleBRADLEY, GEORGE GRANVILLE: Dean of Westminster; b. at High Wycombe (30 m. w.n.w. of London), Buckinghamshire, Dec. 11…
- Bradshaw, WilliamBRADSHAW, WILLIAM: Puritan; b. at Market Bosworth (12 m. w. of Leicester), Leicestershire, 1571; d. at Chelsea 1618.
- Bradwardine, ThomasBRADWARDINE, THOMAS: Archbishop of Canterbury; b. probably at Chichester, Sussex, 1290; d. in London Aug. 28, 1349.
- Brady, NicholasBRADY, NICHOLAS: Church of England clergyman and poet; b. at Bandon (20 m. s.w. of Cork), County Cork, Ireland, Oct…
- BrahmanismVedism, the Age of the Vedas and their Ancillary Literature.
- Brahmo SomajBRAHMO SOMAJ: A Hindu theistic society. Its aim is the monotheistic reform of the Hindu polytheistic religion. The…
- Braig, Karl von BorromaeoBRAIG, KARL VON BORROMAEO: German Roman Catholic; b. at Kanzach (a village near Buchau, 30 m. s.w. of Ulm) Feb. 10…
- Brainerd, DavidBRAINERD, DAVID: Missionary to the American Indians; b. at Haddam, Conn., Apr. 20, 1718; d.
- Brainerd, ThomasBRAINERD, THOMAS: American Presbyterian; b. at Leyden, Lewis County, N. Y., June 17, 1804; d. at Scranton, Penn., Aug…
- Bramhall, JohnBRAMHALL, JOHN: Protestant archbishop of Armagh; b. at or near Pontefract (22 m. s.s.w. of York), Yorkshire, 1594; d…
- Brandenburg, Bishopric ofBRANDENBURG, BISHOPRIC OF: A diocese established by Otto the Great in 948, including the territory between the Elbe on…
- Brandenburg, ConfessionsBRANDENBURG, CONFESSIONS or CONFESSIONS OF THE MARK ( Confessiones marchicæ, i.e., Brennoburgenses ): The confessions…
- Brandes, Friedrich HeinreichBRANDES, brɑ̄n´dez, FRIEDRICH HEINRICH: German Reformed; b. at Salzuflen (48 m. s.w. of Hanover) Apr. 25, 1825.
- Brandt, WilhelmBRANDT, WILHELM: Dutch Protestant; b. at Amsterdam July 22, 1855.
- Brann, Henry AthanasiusBRANN, HENRY ATHANASIUS: Roman Catholic; b. at Parkstown (27 m. s.w. of Drogheda), County Meath, Ireland, Aug. 15, 1837.
- Brann, MarcusBRANN, MARCUS: German Jewish historian; b. at Rawitsch (64 m. s. of Posen) July 9, 1849.
- Brant, SebastianBRANT, brɑ̄nt, SEBASTIAN: German satirist; b. at Strasburg 1457; d. there May 10,1521.
- Brastberger, Immanuel GottlobBRASTBERGER, IMMANUEL GOTTLOB: Popular German preacher; b. at Sulz (40 m. s.w. of Stuttgart), Württemberg, 1716; d.
- Brastow, Lewis OrsmondBRASTOW, LEWIS ORSMOND: Congregationalist; b. at Brewer, Me., Mar. 23, 1834.
- Bratke, EduardBRATKE, EDUARD: German Protestant; b. at Neuhaus (a village near Waldenburg, 43 m. s.w. of Breslau), Silesia, Feb. 26…
- Bratton, Theodore du BoseBRATTON, THEODORE DU BOSE: Protestant Episcopal bishop of Mississippi; b. at Winnsboro, S. C., Nov. 11, 1862.
- Braun, Johann Wilhelm JosefBRAUN, JOHANN WILHELM JOSEF: Roman Catholic theologian and scholar; b. at Gronau (30 m. n.w. of Münster) Apr. 27, 1801…
- Bray, Guido de.BRAY, GUIDO DE. See Brès.
- Bray, ThomasBRAY, THOMAS: Church of England; b. at Merton, near Cherbury (17 m. s.w. of Shrewsbury), Shropshire, 1656; d. in London…
- BrazilBRAZIL: A republic of eastern South America; area, 3,218,100 square miles; population, 15,000,000.
- Bread and BakingBREAD AND BAKING: Bread was for the Hebrews the chief article of diet, as it is for modern Palestinian peasants.
- Breckinridge, JohnBRECKINRIDGE, JOHN: American Presbyterian; b. at Cabell's Dale, near Lexington, Ky., July 4, 1797; d. there Aug. 4…
- Breckinridge, Robert JeffersonBRECKENRIDGE, ROBERT JEFFERSON: Presbyterian minister, brother of John Breckinridge; b. at Cabell's Dale, near…
- Breckling, FriedrichBRECKLING, FRIEDRICH: A forerunner of the Pietistic school; b. at Hanved near Flensburg, Sleswick, 1629; died at The…
- Bredenkamp, Konrad JustusBREDENKAMP, KONRAD JUSTUS: German Lutheran; b. at Basbeck (a village near Stade, 22 m. w.n.w. of Hamburg) June 26…
- Breeches BibleBREECHES BIBLE. See Bible Versions, B, IV, § 9.
- Breed, David RiddleBREED, DAVID RIDDLE: Presbyterian; b. at Pittsburg, Pa., June 10,1848.
- Breithaupt, Joachim JustusBREITHAUPT, brɑit´haupt, JOACHIM JUSTUS: First professor of theology at Halle; b. at Nordheim (12 m. n. of Göttingen )…
- Breitinger, Johann JakobBREITINGER, brɑi´tin-ger, JOHANN JAKOB: Swiss theologian; b. at Zurich Apr. 19, 1575; d. there Apr. 1, 1645.
- BremenBREMEN: A free city and state of the German Empire. The city is situated on the Weser, about forty-six miles from its…
- Bremen, Bishopric ofBREMEN, BISHOPRIC OF: A former diocese of Germany, whose foundation belongs to the period of the missionary activity of…
- Brendan, Saint, of ClonfertBRENDAN, SAINT, OF CLONFERT (called "the Navigator"); Irish saint; b. at Tralee (on Tralee Bay, west coast of Ireland…
- Brent, Charles HenryBRENT, CHARLES HENRY: Protestant Episcopal missionary bishop of the Philippines; b. at Newcastle, Ont., Apr. 9, 1862.
- Brenz, JohannEarly Advocacy of the Reformation (§ 1).
- Brès, Guy deBRÈS, brê, GUY DE (Guido de Bray): Reformer in the Netherlands; b. at Mons 1522; executed at Valenciennes May 31, 1567.
- Breslau, Bishopric ofBRESLAU, BISHOPRIC OF: A diocese which is shown to be already in existence at the date of the foundation of the…
- Brethren, Bohemian; Brethren of the Common LifeBRETHREN, BOHEMIAN; BRETHREN OF THE COMMON LIFE, and similar titles. See Bohemian Brethren; Common Life, Brethern of…
- Brethren, PlymouthHistory.
- Bretschneider, Karl GottliebBRETSCHNEIDER , bret´shnɑi´´der, KARL GOTTLIEB: German theologian; b. at Gersdorf (40 m. e. of Dresden), Saxony, Feb…
- BreviaryBREVIARY: The name of the Roman Catholic service-book containing what is called the "divine office" or the services for…
- Brewer, Leigh RichmondBREWER, LEIGH RICHMOND: Protestant Episcopal bishop of Montana; b. at Berkshire, Vt., Jan. 20, 1839.
- Brewster, Chauncey BunceBREWSTER, CHAUNCEY BUNCE: Protestant Episcopal bishop of Connecticut; b. at Windham, Conn., Sept. 5, 1848.
- Brewster, WilliamBREWSTER, WILLIAM: Leader of the "Pilgrim Fathers"; b. of good family probably at Scrooby (37 m. s. of York)…
- Breyfogel, Sylvanus CharlesBREYFOGEL, brɑi´fo-gel, SYLVANUS CHARLES: Bishop of the Evangelical Association; b. at Reading, Pa., July 20, 1851.
- Briconnet, GuillaumeBRICONNET, brî´´sen´´nê´, GUILLAUME: French prelate; b. at Paris 1470; d. at Esmans (near Montereau, 20 m. e.s.e. of…
- BrictinansBRICTINANS ( Brittinans , Brittinians , so named from S. Blasius de Brictinis, a desolate region not far from Fano in…
- Bridaine (Brydaine), JacquesBRIDAINE (BRYDAINE), JACQUES: French Roman Catholic preacher; b. at Chusclan (15 m. n.n.w. of Avignon), Department of…
- Bridel, Philippe Louis JustinBRIDEL, brî´´del´, PHILIPPE LOUIS JUSTIN: Swiss Protestant; b. at Lausanne Nov. 27,1852.
- Bridge, WilliamBRIDGE, WILLIAM: Puritan; b. in Cambridgeshire about 1600; d. at Clapham, near London, Mar. 12, 1670.
- Bridget (Brigit, Brigida, Bride), Saint, of KildareBRIDGET (Brigit, Brigida, Bride), SAINT, OF KILDARE: Patron saint of Ireland; b. at Fochart (Faugher, 2 m. n. of…
- Bridget, Saint, of Sweden and the Brigittine OrderBridget's Early Life (§ 1).
- Bridgett, Thomas EdwardBRIDGETT, THOMAS EDWARD: English Roman Catholic; b. at Derby (35 m. n.n.e. of Birmingham), Derbyshire, Jan. 20, 1829; d.
- Bridgewater TreatisesBRIDGEWATER TREATISES: A series of books written in accordance with the will of Francis Henry, eighth earl of…
- Bridgmen, Elijah ColemanBRIDGMAN, ELIJAH COLEMAN: Congregational foreign missionary; b. at Belchertown, Mass., Apr. 22, 1801; d. in Shanghai…
- Briefs, Bulls, and BullariaBRIEFS, BULLS, AND BULLARIA: Written mandates of the pope, differing in form, the bull being more solemn than the…
- Brieger, Johann Friedrich TheodorBRIEGER, brî´ger, JOHANN FRIEDRICH THEODOR: German Protestant; b.
- Briessmann, JohannBRIESSMANN, brîs´mɑ̄n, JOHANN: Reformer; b. at Cottbus (on the Spree, 43 m. s.s.w. of Frankfort), Brandenburg, Dec. 31…
- Briggs, Charles AugustusBRIGGS, CHARLES AUGUSTUS: Protestant Episcopalian; b. at New York City Jan. 15, 1841.
- Bright, WilliamBRIGHT, WILLIAM: English church historian and patristic scholar; b. at Doncaster (30 m. s. of York), Yorkshire…
- Brightman, Frank EdwardBRIGHTMAN, FRANK EDWARD: Church of England; b. at Bristol June 18, 1856.
- Brightman, ThomasBRIGHTMAN, THOMAS: Puritan and Presbyterian; b. at Nottingham 1562; d. at Hawnes (5 m. s. by e. of Bedford) Aug. 24…
- Brigida, Saint, BrigittinesBRIGIDA, SAINT, BRIGITTINES. See Bridget, Saint, of Sweden.
- Brill, JakobBRILL, JAKOB: Mystic; b. at Leyden Jan. 21, 1639; d. there Jan. 28, 1700.
- Brinckerinck, JanBRINCKERINCK, JAN: A popular preacher and spiritual director in connection with the Brethren and Sisters of the Common…
- Bristol, Frank MiltonBRISTOL, FRANK MILTON: Methodist Episcopal bishop; b. in Orleans Co., N. Y., Jan. 4, 1851; elected bishop, 1908.
- British ChurchBRITISH CHURCH. See Celtic Church.
- British HondurasBRITISH HONDURAS. See Central America.
- Brittinans, Brittinians.BRITTINANS, BRITTINIANS. See Brictinans.
- Brixen, Bishopric ofBRIXEN, BISHOPRIC OF: A diocese which takes its name from Brixen, a town of the Tyrol, situated 40 m. s.s.e, of…
- Broad Church.BROAD CHURCH. See England, Church of.
- Broadus, John AlbertBROADUS, JOHN ALBERT: American Baptist; b. in Culpeper County, Va., Jan. 24, 1827; d. in Louisville, Ky., Mar. 16, 1895.
- Brochmand, Jesper RasmussenBROCHMAND, brok´mɑ̄nd, JESPER RASMUSSEN: Bishop of Zealand; b. at Köge (20 m. s.w. of Copenhagen), Zealand, Aug. 5…
- Broemel, Albert RobertBROEMEL, brŪ´mel´´, ALBERT ROBERT: German Lutheran pastor and author; b. at Teichel (15 m. s.s.e. of Erfurt)…
- Bromley, ThomasBROMLEY, THOMAS: English mystic; b. in Worcester 1629; d. 1691.
- Brooke, Francis KeyBROOKE, FRANCIS KEY: Protestant Episcopal bishop of the missionary district of Oklahoma and Indian Territory; b, at…
- Brooke, Stopford AugustusBROOKE, STOPFORD AUGUSTUS: English Unitarian; b. at Letterkenny (16 m. s.w. of Londonderry), County Donegal, Nov. 14…
- Brooks, Elbridge GerryBROOKS, ELBRIDGE GERRY: American Universalist; b, at Dover, N. H., July 29, 1816; d. at Philadelphia Apr. 8, 1878. He…
- Brooks, PhillipsBROOKS, PHILLIPS: American preacher and bishop; b. in Boston Dec. 13, 1835; d. there Jan. 23, 1893.
- Brorson, Hans AdolfBRORSON, HANS ADOLF: Bishop of Ribe; b. at Randrup, on the west coast of northern Sleswick, June 20, 1694; d. at Ribe…
- Brotherhoods, ReligiousBROTHERHOODS, RELIGIOUS. See Confraternities.
- Brothers of the Christian SchoolsBROTHERS OF THE CHRISTIAN SCHOOLS. See Christian Brothers.
- Broughton, HughBROUGHTON, brɑu´tUn, HUGH: Church of England Hebrew scholar; b. at Oldbury (near the border of Wales, 20 m. s.w. of…
- Brousson, ClaudeBROUSSON, brū´´sōn´, CLAUDE: French Protestant; b. at Nîmes 1647; executed at Montpellier Nov. 4, 1698.
- Brown, Arthur JudsonBROWN, ARTHUR JUDSON: Presbyterian; b. at Holliston, Mass., Dec. 3, 1856.
- Brown, Charles ReynoldsBROWN, CHARLES REYNOLDS: Congregationalist; b. at Bethany, W. Va., Oct. 1, 1862.
- Brown, Charles RufusBROWN, CHARLES RUFUS: Baptist; b. at East Kingston, N. H., Feb. 22, 1849.
- Brown, DavidBROWN, DAVID: Free Church of Scotland; b. at Aberdeen Aug. 17, 1803; d. there July 3, 1897.
- Brown, FrancisBROWN, FRANCIS: Presbyterian; b. at Hanover, N. H., Dec. 26, 1849.
- Brown, Hugh StowellBROWN, HUGH STOWELL: English Baptist; b. at Douglas, Isle of Man, Aug. 10, 1823; d. at Liverpool Feb. 24, 1886.
- Brown, James BaldwinBROWN, JAMES BALDWIN: English Congregationalist; b. in London Aug. 19, 1820; d. there June 23, 1884.
- Brown, JohnBROWN, JOHN: English Congregationalist; b. at Bolton-le-Moors (12 m. n.w. of Manchester), Lancashire, June 19, 1830.
- Brown, JohnBROWN, JOHN: The name of several Scotch ministers, the most noteworthy being:
- Brown, John NewtonBROWN, JOHN NEWTON: American Baptist; b. at New London, Conn., June 29, 1803; d. at Germantown, Penn., May 15, 1868.
- Brown, Peter HumeBROWN, PETER HUME: Scotch historian, layman; b. at Haddington (18 m. e. of Edinburgh), Haddingtonshire, Dec. 17, 1850.
- Brown, Phœbe AllenBROWN, PHŒBE ALLEN (HINSDALE): Hymn-writer; b. at Canaan, Columbia County, N. Y., May 1, 1783; d. at Marshall, Henry…
- Brown, Samuel RobbinsBROWN, SAMUEL ROBBINS: The first American appointed missionary to Japan; b. at East Windsor, Conn., June 16, 1810, son…
- Brown, William AdamsBROWN, WILLIAM ADAMS: Presbyterian; b. in New York City Dec. 29, 1865.
- Brown, William MontgomeryBROWN, WILLIAM MONTGOMERY: Protestant Episcopal bishop of Arkansas; b. near Orrville, O., Nov. 6, 1855.
- Browne, Edward HaroldBROWNE, EDWARD HAROLD: Bishop of Winchester; b. at Aylesbury (35 m. n.w. of London), Buckinghamshire, Mar. 6, 1811; d…
- Browne, GeorgeBROWNE, GEORGE: First Protestant archbishop of Dublin; d. 1556.
- Browne, George ForrestBROWNE, GEORGE FORREST: Bishop of Bristol; b. at York Dec. 4, 1833. He was educated at St.
- Browne, JohnBROWNE, JOHN: English Congregationalist; b. at North Walsham (15 m. n. of Norwich), Norfolk, Feb. 6, 1823; d. at…
- Browne, PeterBROWNE, PETER: Protestant Irish bishop; b. in County Dublin soon after 1660; d. Aug. 25, 1735.
- Browne, RobertBROWNE, ROBERT: Leader of the English Separatists (from whom they received their popular name of Brownists), and…
- Browne, Sir ThomasBROWNE, SIR THOMAS: Author of the Religio Medici; b. in Cheapside, London, Oct. 19, 1605; d. at Norwich Oct. 19, 1682.
- BrownistsBROWNISTS. See Browne, Robert.
- Brownlee, William CraigBROWNLEE, WILLIAM CRAIG: American (Dutch) Reformed clergyman; b. at Torfoot, Lanarkshire, Scotland, 1783; d. in New…
- Brownson, Orestes AugustusBROWNSON, ORESTES AUGUSTUS: Roman Catholic convert; b. at Stockbridge, Vt., Sept. 16, 1803; d. at Detroit, Mich., Apr…
- Bruce, Alexander BalmainBRUCE, ALEXANDER BALMAIN: Church of Scotland; b. at Aberargie (a hamlet in the parish of Abernethy, 7 m. s.e. of…
- Bruch, Johann FriedrichBRUCH, brUh, JOHANN FRIEDRICH: German theologian; b. at Pirmasens (13 m. e.s.e. of Zweibrücken), Rhenish Bavaria, Dec…
- Brueck (Pontanus, real name Heinse, Henisch, Heincz), GregoriusBRUECK, brük (PONTANUS, real name HEINSE, HENISCH, HEINCZ), GREGORIUS: German jurist; b. at Brück (22 m. n. of…
- Brueckner, Benno BrunoBRUECKNER, brük´ner, BENNO BRUNO: German Protestant; b. at Rosswein (23 m. w. of Dresden) May 9, 1824.
- BruegglersBRUEGGLERS. See Kohler, Christian and Hieronymus.
- Brugmann, JanBRUGMANN, brūg´mɑ̄n, JAN: A theologian and reformer of the Franciscan order in the Netherlands and Germany.
- Brully (Brusly), PierreBRULLY, brü´´yî´ (BRUSLY), PIERRE ( Petrus Brulius ): The successor of Calvin in Strasburg; b. at Mersilhaut…
- Brunetière, Marie FerdinandBRUNETIÈRE, brü´´ne-tyār´, MARIE FERDINAND: French Roman Catholic critic; b. at Toulon (42 m. e.s.e. of Marseilles)…
- Brunfels, OttoBRUNFELS, OTTO: German humanist and Reformer. The date of his birth can not be determined; d. at Bern Nov. 23, 1534…
- Brunner (Fontanus), LeonhardBRUNNER (FONTANUS), LEONHARD: German Reformer; b. probably at Esslingen (7 m. e.s.e. of Stuttgart) c. 1500; d. at…
- Bruno (Bonifatius) of QuerfurtBRUNO (BONIFATIUS) OF QUERFURT: Missionary to the Slavs and Prussians, among whom he suffered martyrdom, Feb. 14, or…
- Bruno of CologneBRUNO OF COLOGNE: Archbishop of Cologne 953–965; b. in the spring of 925, the youngest son of Henry I., the Fowler; d…
- Bruno of SegniBRUNO OF SEGNI: Bishop of Segni (28 m. s.e. of Rome); b. at Solero (6 m. w. of Alessandria), Lombardy, between 1045 and…
- Bruno of Toul.BRUNO OF TOUL. See Leo IX., Pope.
- Bruno of WürtzburgBRUNO OF WÜRZBURG: Bishop of Würzburg 1034–45. He was the son of Duke Conrad I. of Carinthia, and thus a nephew of Pope…
- Bruno, (Filippo) GiordanoBRUNO, (FILIPPO) GIORDANO: Italian philosopher of the Renaissance; b. at Nola (14 m. e.n.e. of Naples), Campania, 1548…
- Bruno, SaintBRUNO, SAINT: Founder of the Carthusian order. See Carthusians.
- BrunswickBRUNSWICK: A North German duchy, consisting of three larger territories and six small exclaves, bounded on the north by…
- Bruston, Charles AugusteBRUSTON, brü´´stōn´, CHARLES AUGUSTE: French Reformed; b. at Bordeaux (90 m. n. of Marseilles) Mar. 6, 1838.
- Bruys, Pierre de.BRUYS, PIERRE DE. See Peter of Bruys.
- Bryant, JacobBRYANT, JACOB: English antiquarian; b. at Plymouth 1715; d. at Cypenham, in Farnham Royal (4 m. n. of Windsor), Nov…
- Bryce, GeorgeBRYCE, GEORGE: American Presbyterian; b. at Mount Pleasant, Ont., Apr. 22, 1844.
- Bryennios, PhilotheosBRYENNIOS, brî-en´´nî´es, PHILOTHEOS, fî´´lo-thê´es: Greek metropolitan of Nicomedia; b. at Constantinople March 26…
- Bucer, Martin.BUCER, MARTIN. See Butzer.
- Buchanan, ClaudiusBUCHANAN, CLAUDIUS: A pioneer of modern Anglican missionary work in India; b. at Cambuslang, near Glasgow, Mar. 12…
- Buchanan, GeorgeBUCHANAN, GEORGE: Scotch scholar; b. in the parish of Killearn (44 m. w.n.w. of Edinburgh), Stirlingshire, early in…
- BuchanitesBUCHANITES: The followers of Elspat (or Elspeth) Simpson, wife of Robert Buchan, a journeyman potter at Greenock…
- Buchel, Anna vonBUCHEL, ANNA VON. See Ronsdorft Sect.
- Buchwald, Georg ApolloBUCHWALD, būH´vɑ̄ld, GEORG APOLLO: German Protestant; b. at Grossenhain (19 m. n.n.w. of Dresden) July 16, 1859.
- Buck, CharlesBUCK, CHARLES: English Independent; b. at Hillsley (15 m. n.e. of Bristol), Gloucestershire, 1771; d. in London Aug…
- Buckland, Augustus RobertBUCKLAND, AUGUSTUS ROBERT: Secretary of the Religious Tract Society; b. at Newport (20 m. n.w. of Bristol)…
- Buckley, James MonroeBUCKLEY, JAMES MONROE: Methodist Episcopalian; b. at Rahway, N. J., Dec. 16, 1836.
- Buckminster, Joseph StevensBUCKMINSTER, JOSEPH STEVENS: New England clergyman; b. at Portsmouth, N. H., May 26, 1784; d. in Boston June 9, 1812.
- Budde, Karl Ferdinand ReinhardBUDDE, būd´de, KARL FERDINAND REINHARD : German Protestant; b. at Bensberg (9 m. e. of Cologne) Apr. 13, 1850.
- Buddensieg, Oskar Gottlieb RudolfBUDDENSIEG, būd´´den-sîg´, OSKAR GOTTLIEB RUDOLF: German Lutheran; b. at Greussen (25 m. n.w. of Weimar) Sept. 5, 1844.
- Buddeus, Johannes FranciscusBUDDEUS, būd´´dê´ūs, JOHANNES FRANCISCUS (Johann Franz Budde): German theologian and philosopher; b. at Anclam (47 m.
- BuddhismLife of Buddha (§ 1).
- Budé, GuillaumeBUDÉ, bü´´dê´, GUILLAUME: French humanist; b. at Paris 1467; d. there Aug. 23, 1540.
- Buder, Paul vonBUDER, bū´der, PAUL VON: German Protestant; b. at Leutkirch (40 m. e. of Ulm) Feb. 15, 1836.
- Buechner, GottfriedBUECHNER, büH´ner, GOTTFRIED, got´frîd. German Lutheran theologian; b. at Rüdersdorf (the district of Saxe-Altenburg)…
- Buechsel, KarlBUECHSEL, büH´sel, KARL: German Lutheran theologian: b. at Schönfeld (a suburb of Prenzlau, 71 m. n.n.e. of Potsdam)…
- Buell, Marcus DariusBUELL, MARCUS DARIUS: Methodist Episcopalian; b. at Wayland, N. Y., Jan. 1, 1851.
- Bug Bible.BUG BIBLE. See Bible Versions, B, IV., § 9.
- Bugenhagen, JohannA leader of the German Reformation b. at Wollin (29 m. n. of Stettin), Pomerania, June 24, 1485; d. at Wittenberg Apr…
- Buhl, Frants Peder William MeyerBUHL, būl, FRANTS PEDER WILLIAM MEYER: Danish Semitic scholar; b. at Copenhagen Sept. 6, 1850.
- BulgariBULGARI (BOURGES): Name of a heretical sect. See New Manicheans, II.
- BulgariaBULGARIA: A principality under the suzerainty of Turkey in the northeastern part of the Balkan Peninsula, bounded on…
- Bulgarian National Church in the United States, TheBULGARIAN NATIONAL CHURCH IN THE UNITED STATES, THE: There are, according to moderate calculations, about 25,000…
- Bulgarians, Conversion of theBULGARIANS, CONVERSION OF THE: According to Jireček, who follows Schafarik, the Bulgarians were originally related to…
- Bulgaris, EugeniosBULGARIS, bul-gɑ̄´ris, EUGENIOS, ê´´ū-gê´nî-es: Russian prelate; b. in the island of Corfu Aug. 10, 1716; d. at St…
- Bull, GeorgeBULL, GEORGE: Bishop of St. David's; b. at Wells, Somersetshire, Mar. 25, 1634; d. at Brecon, Wales, Feb. 17, 1710.
- Bull, PapalBULL, PAPAL. See Briefs, Bulls, and Bullaria.
- Bullinger, HeinrichConversion to Protestantism (§ 1).
- Bunbury, ThomasBUNBURY, THOMAS: Protestant bishop of Limerick; b. at Shandrum, County Cork, 1832.
- Bund, EvangelischerBUND, EVANGELISCHER ("Evangelical Union"): An alliance of German Protestants for maintaining Protestant interests in…
- Bungener (Laurent Louis), FélixBUNGENER, bün´´je-nê´ (LAURENT LOUIS), FÉLIX: Swiss Protestant; b. at Marseilles Sept. 14, 1814; d. in Geneva June 14…
- Bunsen, Christian Karl JosiasBUNSEN , bun´zen, CHRISTIAN KARL JOSIAS: Baron; German scholar and diplomat; b. at Korbach (28 m. s.w. of Cassel) Aug…
- Bunting, JabezBUNTING, JABEZ: The "second founder of Methodism"; b. at Manchester May 13, 1779; d. in London June 16, 1858.
- Bunyan, JohnBUNYAN, JOHN: "The immortal dreamer of Bedford jail;" b. at Harrowden (1 m. s.e. of Bedford), in the parish of Elstow…
- Burchard of WormsBURCHARD OF WORMS: Bishop of Worms; d. Aug. 20, 1025. He was a Hessian by birth, and was educated at Coblenz and under…
- Burchard of WürzburgBURCHARD OF WÜRZBURG: Bishop of Würzburg 741–754. He was an Anglo-Saxon who left England after the death of his…
- Burder, GeorgeBURDER, GEORGE: English Congregationalist; b. in London June 5, 1752; d. there May 29, 1832.
- Burdinus, MauritiusBURDINUS, MAURITIUS. See Gregory VIII., Antipope.
- Burger, Karl Heinrich August vonBURGER, KARL HEINRICH AUGUST VON: German theologian; b. at Baireuth (126 m. n. of Munich) May 1, 1805; d. at Schönau (a…
- Burges, CorneliusBURGES, bŪr´jes, CORNELIUS: Presbyterian; b. in Somersetshire (date undetermined, probably 1589); d. at Watford (7 m…
- Burgess, AnthonyBURGESS, ANTHONY: Non-conformist clergyman. He entered St. John's College, Cambridge, in 1623 and became fellow of…
- Burgess, DanielBURGESS, DANIEL: English Presbyterian; b. at Staines (15 m. w.s.w. of London), Middlesex, 1645; d. in London Jan. 26…
- Burgess, FrederickBURGESS, FREDERICK: Protestant Episcopal bishop of Long Island; b. at Providence, R. I, Oct. 6, 1853.
- Burgess, GeorgeBURGESS, GEORGE: First Protestant Episcopal bishop of Maine; b. at Providence, R. I., Oct. 31, 1809; d. at sea while…
- Burgess, HenryBURGESS, HENRY: Church of England clergyman and scholar; b. in Newington, London, Jan. 29, 1808; d. Feb. 10, 1886.
- Burghers and AntiburghersBURGHERS AND ANTIBURGHERS. See Presbyterians.
- Burgon, John WilliamBURGON, JOHN WILLIAM: Church of England scholar; b. at Smyrna (the son of a Turkey merchant) Aug. 21, 1813; d. at…
- BurgundiansBURGUNDIANS: A Germanic race, akin to the Goths and Vandals, whose earliest known home was on the Baltic between the…
- BurialHebrew.
- Buridan, JeanBURIDAN, bUr´i-dan or French bü"rî´´dɑ̄ṅ´, JEAN ( Johannes Buridanus ): Medieval French philosopher; b. at Béthune (25…
- Burke, Thomas Martin AloysiusBURKE, THOMAS MARTIN ALOYSIUS: Roman Catholic bishop of Albany, N. Y.; b. in County Mayo, Ireland, Jan. 10, 1840.
- Burkitt, Francis CrawfordBURKITT, FRANCIS CRAWFORD: Church of England theologian and Syriac scholar; b. at London Sept. 3, 1864.
- Burkitt, WilliamBURKITT, WILLIAM: Church of England; b. at Hitcham (12 m. n.w. of Ipswich), Suffolk, July 25, 1650; d. at Dedham (10 m…
- BurmaBURMA: [At present the largest and easternmost province of British India, having been gradually annexed after three…
- Burmann, FransBURMANN, FRANS: Dutch theologian; b. at Leyden 1628; d. at Utrecht Nov. 12, 1679.
- Burn, RichardBURN, RICHARD: Legal writer; b. at Winton (37 m. s.e. of Carlisle), Westmoreland, 1709; d. at Orton, Westmoreland (10…
- Burnet, GilbertBURNET, GILBERT: Bishop of Salisbury; b. in Edinburgh Sept. 18, 1643; d. at Salisbury Mar. 17, 1715.
- Burnet, ThomasBURNET, THOMAS: Church of England; b. at Croft (40 m. n. of York), Yorkshire, about 1635; d. in London Sept. 27, 1715.
- Burnett Prizes and LecturesBURNETT PRIZES AND LECTURES: A foundation by John Burnett, a merchant of Aberdeen, Scotland (b. 1729; d.
- Burns, William ChalmersBURNS, WILLIAM CHALMERS: Missionary; b. at Dun (6 m. w. of Montrose), Forfarshire, Scotland, Apr. 1, 1815; d. at…
- Burnt OfferingBURNT OFFERING. See Sacrifice.
- Burr, Enoch FitchBURR, ENOCH FITCH: Congregationalist; b. at Westport, Conn., Oct. 21, 1818; d. at Hamburg, Conn., May 8, 1907.
- Burrage, Henry SweetserBURRAGE, HENRY SWEETSER: Baptist; b. at Fitchburg, Mass., Jan. 7, 1837.
- Burrell, David JamesBURRELL, DAVID JAMES: Reformed (Dutch); b. at Mount Pleasant, Pa., Aug. 1, 1844.
- Burritt, ElihuBURRITT, ELIHU: American Congregational layman, scholar, and philanthropist; b. at New Britain, Conn., Dec. 8, 1810; d…
- Burroughes (Burroughs), JeremiahBURROUGHES (BURROUGHS), JEREMIAH: English Congregationalist; b. about 1600; d. in London Nov. 13, 1646.
- Burroughs (Burrough), GeorgeBURROUGHS (BURROUGH), GEORGE: The most prominent victim of the Salem witchcraft delusion; b. about 1650; executed on…
- Burrows, Winfrid OldfieldBURROWS, WINFRID OLDFIELD: Church of England; b. at London Nov. 9, 1858.
- Bursfelde, Congregation ofBURSFELDE, CONGREGATION OF: An association of reformed Benedictine monks, taking its name from the abbey of Bursfelde…
- Burt, WilliamBURT, WILLIAM: Methodist Episcopal bishop; b. at Padstow (38 m. n.w. of Plymouth), Cornwall, England, Oct. 23, 1852.
- Burton, AsaBURTON, ASA: Congregational minister; b. at Stonington, Conn., Aug. 25, 1752; d. at Thetford, Vt., May 1, 1836.
- Burton, EdwardBURTON, EDWARD: Church of England patristic scholar and church historian; b. at Shrewsbury Feb. 13, 1794; d. at Ewelme…
- Burton, Ernest de WittBURTON, ERNEST DE WITT : Baptist; b. at Granville, O., Feb. 4, 1856. He was educated at Denison University, Granville…
- Burton, Lewis WilliamBURTON, LEWIS WILLIAM: Protestant Episcopal bishop of Lexington, Ky.; b. at Cleveland, O., Nov. 9, 1852. He was…
- Burton, RobertBURTON, ROBERT: Author of the Anatomy of Melancholy; b. at Lindley (20 m. e.n.e. of Birmingham), Leicestershire, Feb…
- Burwash, NathanielBURWASH, NATHANIEL: Methodist Episcopalian; b. at Argenteuil, Quebec, July 25, 1839. He was educated at Victoria…
- Bury, Richard deBURY, RICHARD DE: Bishop of Durham; b. at Bury St. Edmunds (61 m. n.e. of London) 1281, the son of Sir Richard…
- Busch, JanBUSCH, JAN: Dutch monastic reformer; b. at Zwolle (52 m. e.n.e. of Amsterdam) Aug. 9, 1399; d. at Sülte, near…
- Busembaum (Busenbaum), HermannBUSEMBAUM (BUSENBAUM), HERMANN: German Jesuit, casuist; b. at Nottelen (a village of Westphalia) 1600; d. at Münster…
- Bush, GeorgeBUSH, GEORGE: American Swedenborgian; b. at Norwich, Vt., June 12, 1796; d. at Rochester, N. Y., Sept. 19, 1859.
- Bushnell, HoraceBUSHNELL, HORACE: Congregationalist; b. at Litchfield, Conn., Apr. 14, 1802; d. in Hartford, Conn., Feb. 17, 1876.
- Butler, AlbanBUTLER, ALBAN: English Roman Catholic; b. at Appletree (70 m. n.w. of London), Northamptonshire, Oct. 24, 1710; d. at…
- Butler, Alford AugustusBUTLER, ALFORD AUGUSTUS: Protestant Episcopalian; b. at Portland, Me., Sept. 23, 1845.
- Butler, Alfred JoshuaBUTLER, ALFRED JOSHUA: Church of England layman; b. at Loughborough (10 m. n.n.w. of Leicester), Leicestershire, Sept…
- Butler, CharlesBUTLER, CHARLES: English Roman Catholic layman; nephew of Alban Butler; b. in London Aug. 14, 1750; d. there June 2…
- Butler, Clement MooreBUTLER, CLEMENT MOORE: American Episcopalian; b. at Troy, N. Y., Oct. 16, 1810; d. in Philadelphia Mar. 5, 1890.
- Butler, Henry MontagueBUTLER, HENRY MONTAGUE: Master of Trinity College, Cambridge; b. at Gayton (4 m. n. of Towcester), Northampton, July 2…
- Butler, James GlentworthBUTLER, JAMES GLENTWORTH: Presbyterian; b. at Brooklyn, N. Y., Aug. 3, 1821.
- Butler, John GeorgeBUTLER, JOHN GEORGE: Lutheran; b. at Cumberland, Md., Jan. 28, 1826.
- Butler, JosephBUTLER, JOSEPH: Bishop of Durham; b. at Wantage (14 m. s.w. of Oxford) May 18, 1692; d. at Bath June 16, 1752.
- Butler, WilliamBUTLER, WILLIAM: Methodist; b. in Dublin, Ireland, Jan. 31, 1818; d. at Old Orchard, Me., Aug. 18, 1899.
- Butler, William ArcherBUTLER, WILLIAM ARCHER: Church of Ireland; b. at Annerville (2 m. e. of Clonmel), County Tipperary, 1814; d. at…
- Butterbriefe, ButterwocheBUTTERBRIEFE, BUTTERWOCHE. See Lacticinia.
- Buttlar, Eva vonBUTTLAR, EVA VON: The leader in a disgraceful aberration externally connected with Pietism, which is in no way…
- Buttz, Henry AnsonBUTTZ, HENRY ANSON: American Methodist Episcopalian; b. at Middle Smithfield, Pa., Apr. 18, 1835.
- Butzer, MartinEarly Activity in the Protestant cause (§ 1).
- BuxtorfBUXTORF: A family of scholars at Basel, noteworthy for their services in the study of the Old Testament and Hebrew…
- Byfield, AdoniramBYFIELD, ADONIRAM: Puritan and Presbyterian; b. probably at Chester, before 1615, the son of Nicholas Byfield; d. in…
- Byfield, NicholasBYFIELD, NICHOLAS: Puritan and Presbyterian, b. in Warwickshire in 1579; d. at Isleworth (2 m. s. of Brentford)…
- Byrom, JohnBYROM, JOHN: Author of "Christians awake, salute the happy morn," a Christmas hymn in almost universal use in England…
- Byrum, Enoch EdwinBYRUM, ENOCH EDWIN: American clergyman and editor of The Church of God; b. near Union City, Ind., Oct. 13, 1861.