Heterodox / condemned

Origen of Alexandria

c. 185–253 · 3rd c. · 6 works

Origen of Alexandria (c. 185–254) was one of the most influential and prolific Christian theologians and biblical scholars of the early Church. Active in the third century at Alexandria and later at Caesarea in Palestine, and steeped in both Scripture and Greek philosophy, he produced an enormous body of exegetical, doctrinal, and apologetic writing that shaped Christian theology for centuries.

Born in Egypt to Christian parents, he took charge of the catechetical school of Alexandria while still young, succeeding Clement. After his ordination at Caesarea provoked a break with the Alexandrian bishop, he settled there about 232 and founded a new school. Renowned for his ascetic life and immense learning, he was imprisoned and tortured during the persecution under Decius and died of its effects.

His principal works include the Hexapla, a six-column synopsis comparing versions of the Old Testament; On First Principles, a pioneering attempt at a systematic theology; Against Celsus, an extensive apology against pagan criticism; and a vast number of biblical commentaries and homilies.

Despite his influence and the admiration of many later Fathers, certain teachings associated with him — notably the pre-existence of souls and the doctrine of universal restoration — were judged erroneous and anathematized in connection with the Fifth Ecumenical Council (553); he is therefore not venerated as a saint, though the precise scope of that condemnation remains debated.

Sources: Encyclopædia Britannica — Origen · Catholic Encyclopedia (New Advent) — Origen and Origenism